(b) ☐ The exergonic reactions catalyzed byisocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) and α-ketoglutarate dehydroge-nase (aKGDH) are regu-lated by metabolites, in addition to the reactioncatalyzed by citrate synthase. The diagram to theright illustrates the activity of ICDH (A,▲) andaKGDH (O,●) in the presence of 1.5 mM ADP(O,A) or 1.5 mM ATP (●,▲). In muscle tissuecontraction of sarcomeres initiated by a nerve im-pulse results first in the release of Ca 2+ from thesarcoplasmic reticulum. As indicated by the chang-es in velocity of the two enzymes, what are the fluxchanges of the TCA cycle in muscle tissue uponrelease of Ca2+ under the influence of ADP viz. ATPand under the influence of NAD+ viz. NADH on cit-rate synthase?10075Stimulation of activity(% of maximum)ŏ251.-8-7-6log {[Ca2+] (M)}

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (ICDH): Function: ICDH plays a crucial role in the TCA cycle by catalyzing…

Answered: (b) ☐ The exergonic reactions catalyzed…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter20: Electron Transport And Oxidative Phosphorylation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9P

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The Effect of lodoacetic Acid on the Glyceraldehyde-3-P Dehydrogenase Reaction (Integrates with Chapters 4 and 14.) How might iodoacetic acid affect the glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in glycolysis? Justify your answer.
Distinguishing the Mechanisms of Class I and Class I Aldolases Fructose bisphosphate aldolase in animal muscle is a class 1 aldolase, which forms a Schiff base intermediate between substrate (for example. fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate) and a lysine at the active site (see Figure I8.12). The chemical evidence for this intermediate conies from studies with aldolase and the reducing agent sodium borohydride, NaBH4. Incubation of the enzyme with dihydroxyacetone phosphate and NaBH4 inactivates the enzyme. Interestingly, no inactivation is observed if NabH4 is added to the enzyme in the absence of substrate. Write a mechanism that explains these observations and provides evidence for the formation of a Schiff base intermediate in the aldolase reaction.
The Reactions and Meehanisms of the Leloir Pathway Write the reactions that permit galactose to be utilized in glycolysis. Write a suitable mechanism, tor one of these reactions.
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The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase has an unfavourable equilibrium constant (K'eq= 0.08; G′° = 6.3 kJ/mol), yet the flow at this point in the glycolytic pathway is smooth. How does the cell get out of the unfavourable equilibrium?
The reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase has a ΔG°′ value of +29.7 kJ⋅mol−1. Given what this says about the occurrence of the reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase in cells explain how the reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase (−31.5 kJ⋅mol−1) influences that activity of malate dehydrogenase. In addition, explain how the activity of citrate synthase functions as a regulatory point for the citric acid cycle
The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase, proceeds with an unfavorable equilibrium constant ( K'eq= 0.08; ΔG′° = 6.3 kJ/mol), yet the flow through this point in the glycolytic pathway proceeds smoothly. How does the cell overcome the unfavorable equilibrium?
In the complete b-oxidation of stearic acid (18:0) How many moles of acetyl CoA are produced? How many times would the fatty acid pass through the fatty acid spiral for complete oxidation?
For myristic acid, C 13H 27CO 2H: (a) How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from complete β-oxidation? (b) How many cycles of β-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation?
Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of arachidic acid (20:0). ___________ a. How many rounds of the β-oxidation pathway will be involved? ___________ b. How many acetyl CoA will be produced? ___________ c. How many NADH will be produced from all the rounds of the β-oxidation pathway? ___________ d. How many ATP will eventually be produced from the complete oxidation of one mole of arachidoyl CoA?
Consider docosanoic acid C12H43CO2H a. Label the alpha and beta Carbons. Show the beta-oxidation in an EXPANDED structure. b. Draw each acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl Co A molecules are formed by complete beta-oxidation? d. How many cycles of beta-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid? Show the complete computation. f. How many moles of ATP per gram of fatty acid is formed from the complete catabolism of the given fatty acid? g. What is the molar mass of the given fatty acid? Solution: Show here the complete computations, [from a to e]
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