b-oxidation occurs ONLY under aerobic conditions. Why? Glycolysis occurs under anaerobic conditions, so b-oxidation is not essential. The reactions of b-oxidation require oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, the reactions of b-oxidation are inhibited by their products.
Q: Based on what is known about the mechanism of Chymotrypsin, which molecules would be inhibitors of…
A: Enzymes are highly specialized proteins that have extraordinary catalytic power, greater than that…
Q: [1-14C] Ribose 5-phosphate is incubated with a mixture of purified transketolase, transaldolase,…
A: The pentose phosphate pathway consists of 2 phases; Oxidative and Non-oxidative phase. In the…
Q: HO. CH₂ OH NH₂ ОН N Molecule 3 O pyrimidine, deoxyribose pyrimidine, ribose O purine, deoxyribose O…
A: Nucleic acids are huge macromolecules that perform crucial functions in all organisms and viruses. A…
Q: In a famous experiment, Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl grew E. coli cells in a medium…
A: DNA replication is a process by which each strand of DNA acts as a template and copies itself to…
Q: Glycolysis is the process by which energy is harvested from glucose by living things. Several of the…
A: In a general reaction such as: aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD At equilibrium (steady state), the concentration of…
Q: A total of 7.21 g of dry mixture with a protein content of 89.2% (w/w) determined by Kjeldahl…
A: % w/w tells us the grams of analyte in 100g of mixture. Hence, a protein content of 89.2% (w/w)…
Q: 20000 Indicate enzymes of glucose metabolism directly or indirectly impacted by the action of…
A: Glucose metabolism is comprised of several processes, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis,…
Q: Iodoacetate reacts irreversibly with the free -SH groups of cysteine residues in proteins. List…
A: Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle is commonly known as the Calvin cycle or Dark reactions of…
Q: If two molecules of palmitoyl acid enters the beta-oxidation, how many acetyl-CoA and NADH molecules…
A: Beta oxidation : This is the process of catabolism of fatty acids by removing a two carbon moiety…
Q: describe the functions of the pentose phosphate pathway. Explain how NADPH functions in biosynthesis…
A: In a cell, glucose 6-phosphate has two possible fates: be oxidised into carbon dioxide and water by…
Q: The pentose phosphate pathway occurs in the mitochondrion of tissues actively engaged in synthesis…
A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ranging from 4 carbon to 36 carbons. The…
Q: The second step during elongation of fatty acid chain is catalyzed by B-ketoacyl reducatse. In which…
A: Simple fats or triglycerides or triacylglycerides are categorized as storage lipids. Triglycerides…
Q: How can you decrease (or stop) the rate of binding for a noncompetitive inhibitor? Could you change…
A: Non-competitive inhibitors are reversible inhibitors that binds to a site on the enzyme other than…
Q: 1 ).Which of the following accurately describes substrate specificity for serine proteases? A.The…
A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have an amino group, a carboxyl group and a side group attached to…
Q: true/false: The cofactor ATP is essential in all transamination reactions.
A: Transamination is a reaction which results in transfer of an amino group to a keto-acid in order to…
Q: A technician checks the column bed volume on a column that is supposed to be 2ml. If the bed volume…
A: Column chromatography is a separation and purification technique. Column chromatography requires a…
Q: discuss the excitatory NMDA receptor, the role of the Mg++ ion, and how NMDA activation can produce…
A: Hi! Thank you for the question. We are authorized to answer three subparts at a time, since you have…
Q: true/false: The carbon skeleton produced by catabolism of asparagine enters glycolysis as…
A: Anaplerotic reactions are reactions that produce intermediates of TCA cycles. Conversion of…
Q: Mechanism of action of electron transport inhibitors. Amital.
A: INTRODUCTION : First of all, there is no electron transport inhibitor called Amital, it is a wrong…
Q: Draw the structures of reactants and products in the transamination in which glutamate and pyruvate…
A: In a transamination reaction, an amino group is transferred from a donor substrate to an acceptor…
Q: 2. Mechanisms of absorption of monosaccharides from the intestinal lumen into the enterocyte and…
A: Monosaccharides are smallest or basic subunit of carbohydrates by which disaccharides,…
Q: d. What type of inhibition is exhibited against NAD* as a cofactor? Describe what is going on in…
A: Any parameter of enzyme catalyzed reaction such as Vmax and Km can be obtained from Lineweaver Bur…
Q: Identify what is asked Glycerol --> Glycogen Pyruvate --> Glucose Acetyl CoA --> Fats Fats-> Acetyl…
A: Metabolism is the total of all chemical transformation that takes place in a living cell. One…
Q: 1. Describe the role of Cys in the catalytic mechanism shown. 2. Describe/predict the…
A: Enzymes are highly specialized proteins that have extraordinary catalytic power, greater than that…
Q: What could be seen in the organic acid precipitation during the protein denaturation experiment if…
A: Proteins are large molecules made up of amino acid residues linked via a peptide bond. Amino Acids…
Q: Identify two (2) functions of lipids in the body. Explain each function in 2 sentences.
A: Lipids are a very important class of biological molecule. Lipids are a broader class of molecule…
Q: The pentose phosphate pathway occurs in the mitochondrion of tissues actively engaged in synthesis…
A: Introduction: The pentose pathway is also known as the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP) or…
Q: How do Lipids vary from other macromolecules?
A: A living cell is the basic unit of life. It is capable of independent existence (as is the case of…
Q: Which enzyme activity would be inhibited if fluorodeoxyuridine-5 monophosphate is present?…
A: The compound fluorodeoxyuridine 5’-monophosphate (FdUMP) is a compound that has similar structure to…
Q: 12. What is the final common catabolic pathway for metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fat? (a)…
A: Cells are machinery structures which carry out various complex controlled biochemical reactions in…
Q: Give an overview of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling, and discuss the nature of the TNF ligand…
A: TNF signaling is an apoptotic signaling pathway that causes programmed cell death due to external…
Q: Glucose and fructose are both C6H12O6. What is the structural difference between them? Glucose is a…
A: carbohydrates are carbon molecules which undergo oxidation to yield energy. Carbohydrates are…
Q: Orotic aciduria is treated with: ○ Tetrahydrofolate O 5-flourouricil O Uridine supplements O Calcium…
A: Patients suffering from Orotic aciduria have increased levels of orotic acid in their urine.…
Q: Form DIANINE name using the one-letter symbol and draw it as a peptide chain. Name the peptide as…
A: The given peptide has seven amino acids. The individual amino acids in a peptide are joined by the…
Q: calculate the [PNP] in μM for each of these samples.
A: Molarity is way of representing the concentration of a solution. Molarity is number of moles of…
Q: 1. Draw the structure of the polyribonucleotide UAGCCUG. 2. Draw the structure of the…
A: Nucleotides are phosphoric acid esters of nucleosides (pentose sugar containing a nitrogenous base).…
Q: 7. WHAT IS A PHOSPHODIESTER BOND? WHERE CAN IT BE FOUND? 8. GIVE AT LEAST 10 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS THAT…
A: Biomolecules are composed of monomeric units that are joined together through specific bonds.…
Q: II. Draw the different forms of the following amino acids in solution. 1. Proline (3 forms) 2.…
A: Amino acids are basic unit of polypeptide chain. Alpha carbon of amino acids contains carboxyl…
Q: How many ADP molecules are phosphorylated as electrons of cytosolic NADH enter the mitochondria via…
A: Most textbooks mention that under aerobic conditions, NAD+ is regenerated in the ETC. But the…
Q: 2. Another bodily process is the urea cycle. However, a carbamoyl phosphate is necessary to begin…
A: Carbamoyl phosphate is synthesized with the help of enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase requiring…
Q: a) This molecule is produced when what amino acid is transaminated? b) What are the one- and…
A: Amino acids are biomolecules in which an amino group and a carboxyl group are linked to the same…
Q: Determine the direction that each of the reactions will progress. Assume that the reactants and…
A: Since conditions inside the cell are different than standard temperature and pressure, biochemists…
Q: In the experimental set up to show that "CO, is given out during respiration", name the substance…
A: Respiration is a metabolic process that all organisms go through. It is a biochemical process that…
Q: Translate the first 10 amino acids into RNA code Explain where this process occurs in the cell…
A: Transcription is the process by which a RNA strand is synthesized complimentary to a DNA template.…
Q: 3. Enzyme specificity. To determine the specificity of substrate binding for a particular…
A: Enzymes are highly specialized proteins that have extraordinary catalytic power, greater than that…
Q: Both myoglobin and hemoglobin can adopt both T and R states. Both myoglobin and hemoglobin bind to…
A: Hemoglobin and Myoglobin: In terms of primary sequence, myoglobin and hemoglobin are only distantly…
Q: Consider the structure of TAMIS below and answer the questions that follow. ОН НО Н H ОН Н H ан .H.…
A: The given structure is a carbohydrate molecule having monosaccharide units joined via glycosidic…
Q: When studying the mechanism of the enzymatic reaction, functional groups were found that ensure the…
A: Biochemical reactions tend to be slow because biomolecules are stable at biological pH and…
Q: Draw a lipid structure. Properly label the polar and non-polar ends of the representation of a lipid…
A: Lipids are compounds which are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in polar solvents, i.e.,…
Q: Experiment: Lipids Qualitative Tests Test Performed: Translucent Test Procedure 1. Fold your…
A: Lipids are a chemically diverse group of biomolecules with two common characteristics: low…
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- I'm confused about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Question: What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase? Is it because of -> The incorporation of a phosphate from ATP and reduction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or ->The incorporation of phosphate from inorganic phosphate and reduction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. or -> The incorporation of phosphate from inorganic phosphate and oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(Biochemistry topics: Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport.) There is a reciprocal regulation of glycolytic and gluconeogenic reactions interconverting fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-biphosphate. Which one of the following statements about this regulation is not correct? This regulation allows control of the direction of net metabolite flow through the pathway. Fructose-2,6- bisphosphate activates phosphofructokinase-1. Fructose-2,6-biphosphate inhibits fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. The fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase reaction is exergonic. The PFK1 reaction is exergonic.Before β-oxidation, fatty acids must be converted to their CoASH derivatives. Explain why this reaction is necessary.
- The first three steps of β oxidation (Fig.) chemically resemble three successive steps of the citric acid cycle. Which steps are these?Fatty acid synthesis is largely the reverse of beta oxidation, yet there are some distinct differences. From the statements below, which of the following is inaccurateconcerning fatty acid metabolism? Both processes use mobile electron carriers Both beta oxidation and fatty acid synthase use a carrier group The first step in fatty acid degradation pathway and biosynthetic pathway are regulated C2 unit of acetyl moiety is used in both fatty acid degradation and fatty acid biosynthesis Both processes occur in a unique, specific location (Compartmentalization)Otto Warburg made an interesting observation in the 1930s about cancer cells using the fermentation pathway to catabolize pyruvate even when the oxygen supply seemed sufficient for oxidative phosphorylation. One modern explanation for this “Warburg Effect” is that it protects the cancer cells from damage from free radicals. Provide a biochemical rationale for this explanation.
- This is the ATP accounting question. You are limited to the carbon in the following molecules: One xylulose 5-phosphate, One glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, One sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, 1 Oxaloacetate, and 3 carbon dioxide A) Disregard regulation completely regarding pathway activity, using only the enzymes of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and citric acid cycle, what is the maximum ATP one can generate with these molecules? B) Disregard regulation completely regarding pathway activity, using only the enzymes of glycolysis, Calvin- Benson-Bassham cycle, and citric acid cycle, what is the maximum ATP one can generate with these molecules (in this instance only, you also are given 3 ATP and note that you do NOT need to regenerate substrates for rubisco once you get through this enzyme).Explain the purpose of the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle (Don’t worry about the mechanism, just the purpose of the shuttle. Just one sentence here!). Suppose a cell could only rely on the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle and not the malate-aspartate shuttle, how would that affect the amount of ATP that could be generated from the complete oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose in that cell? How would this change the amount of ATP that could be generated from the complete oxidation of 1 molecule of palmitate in this cell?Triglyceride is an important energy reserve material for human body. When sugar supply is insufficient, triglyceride can be powered by B oxidation and decomposition of fatty acids. When sugar intake is excessive, triglyceride can also be synthesized by de novo synthesis. List the differences between the fatty acid beta oxidation pathway and the de novo synthesis pathway (identify at least five differences)
- Citrate (the product of the first step of the TCA cycle) is considered to be a sign of high energy. 1. Which step of glycolysis does citrate regulate (does it activate or inhibit that step?) 2. WHY exactly is citrate considered a sign of high energy?Some people say that citric acid cycle and the fatty acid oxidation share many similarities. Do you agree with this? Explain with reasons.Most metabolic pathways are relatively long and appear to be very complex. For example, there are 10 individual chemical reactions in glycolysis, converting glucose to pyruvate. Suggest a reason for the complexity.