Assume the market of surgical mask in Country D operates at her long run equilibrium. Draw side-by-side diagrams to show the long run equilibrium conditions for a typical firm producing surgical masks and the market for surgical masks. Label your diagrams clearly. Suppose a trade war happens and many other countries refuse to buy surgical masks from Country D. Making use of your diagram in (a), explain its short run effects on the equilibrium price and quantity in the market of surgical masks in Country D, and the output and the profit/loss of a typical firm producing surgical masks in Country D.
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- Consider a single country and a single good. The demand curve for this good is given by QD = 144 - 4P. Thereare two firms serving the market: Firm A and Firm B, where Firm A has a marginal cost of $20 and Firm B hasa marginal cost of $16. There are no fixed costs incurred by either firm. Firm A produces 16 units and firm B produces 32 units. The equilibrium price is $24. Total Profit for Firm A = $64 Total Profit for Firm B = $256 Assume that these firms compete in Cournot fashion. What is the consumer surplus? Show your work.Igrushka is a profit-maximizing firm producing wooden dolls-a capital-intensive good-which are sold in its home country, Russia, and abroad in France. Igrushka chose foreign production as a method of penetrating the French market and has to decide whether it is more efficient to directly invest in France to establish a production subsidiary or to license the technology to a French firm to produce its goods. On the following graph, AVCFrance is the average variable cost curve of a French firm producing wooden dolls. (This curve represents costs such as labor and materials.) The curve ATCSubsidiary represents the total unit costs Igrushka will face if it establishes a subsidiary in France. PER-UNIT COST (Dollars) 10 9 8 1 0 0 ATC 15 Subsidiary 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 PRODUCT (Thousands) AVC France 135 150 ? 4In news releases through September, Pfizer had said that it aimed to manufacture up to 100 million vaccine doses this year. But in several releases in November, the company cut that to an estimate of up to 50 million doses. Assume that Pfizer and Moderna play a Cournot duopoly game in the US. How will this update by Pfizer affect Moderna’s price and output if Moderna is fully flexible in terms of production scale? Will Moderna respond by producing less or more? Will it charge less or more for a vaccine dose? Explain your logic.
- Suppose the cost of producing product X (all in perfectly competitive markets) in 3 small countries (A, B, and C) each with different tariff structures that compose the world is as follows (using a common currency): Country A B C Cost 50 40 30 =========== A union (FTA) between country A and country C while keeping a 50 percent tariff on imports of X Select one: worsens country A’s welfare allows country A to import product X from the world’s cheapest source improves country A’s welfare diverts what would have been imported of product X from country B --------------------------------------------- =========== If A imposes a 100 percent tariff on imports of product X: Select one: the price of X in country A will rise the price of X in country B will rise country A will not import product X country A will import from country CConsider two identical countries (H and F) with the same individual firm's inverse demand function: P₁ = A - Bq₁. Firms differ in their marginal costs, c. Firms in country I want to sell their products in Country F through export or horizontal FDI. Firms need to pay the unit trade cost t when exporting. If the firm chooses to undertake FDI, the firm needs to pay a fixed cost, F. (a) Solve the profit function for firms with marginal production costc, in the domestic market (7), export market (*) and the profit if undertaking FDI (7) in terms of A, B, t, F and c. (b) Based on our discussion in class, low - c firms are more likely to participate FDI. Solve the cutoff marginal cost for undertaking FDI. i 3 1. Consider two identical countries (H and F) with the same individual firm's inverse demand function: P = A - Bqi. Firms differ in their marginal costs, c₁. Firms in country H want to sell their products in Country F through export or horizontal FDI. Firms need to pay the unit trade…1. Suppose the following: I. Two countries each with demand for homogeneous goods given by P(Q) = 40 - Q In country A there is one firm with marginal cost of production of CA. III. In country B there is one firm with marginal cost of production of CB. Competition in relevant markets is Cournot IV. a) Find for each country expressions for the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity and firm profits under the assumption that no occurred between the two countries occurred. b) Now assume a state of free trade occurs between the two countries. Derive expressions for each firm's quantity supplied and country A's imports. c) Assuming that CB=10 and C₁ = 8. Which Country stands to benefit by imposing k2 per unit tariff on imports? By how much would total surplus increase? Who gains and who Loses and by how much? II.
- Distinguish between technical efficiency and economic efficiencySuppose Eckerd Pharmacy is the only pharmacy in a particular market, but CVS Pharmacy is thinking about entering the market. Absent entry, Eckerd Pharmacy can maximize profits by producing a small quantity. However, by producing a large quantity, Eckerd Pharmacy can attempt to deter entry by reducing prices and, consequently,. profits. E: $47 C: $47 Enter Eckerd Pharmacy must choose how much to produce first and then cVS Pharmacy will choose whether to enter the industry. The strategies and corresponding profits for Eckerd (E) and CVS Pharmacy (C) are depicted in the decision tree to the right. What is the Nash equilibrium of the game? Small Quantity E: $85 C: $0 Stay Out! E O A. Eckerd Pharmacy will choose the small quantity and CVS Pharmacy will Enter E: $O C: -$10 not enter. Large Quantity O B. Eckerd Pharmacy will choose the large quantity and CVS Pharmacy will not enter. Stay Out E: $65 C: $0 OC. Eckerd Pharmacy will choose the large quantity and CVS Pharmacy will enter. O D.…COURSE: MICROECONOMICS - Stackelberg ModelIn a given market good there are only 2 firms that satisfy the demand, and their respective total cost functions are: CTi = 400 and the demand that is estimated is P = 120 - 2QIf the exception variable of both firms is the quantity they will produce, such that the decisions to produce are made sequentially firm number 1 will be the leader who decides the quantity to produce and firm number 2 (follower) decides based on the production of firm number 1, we ask:(a) quantity produced by each firm and its equilibrium price in the market.(b) Profit of each company at equilibrium and (c) Graph your results
- Consider a single country and a single good. The demand curve for this good is given by QD = 144 - 4P. Thereare two firms serving the market: Firm A and Firm B, where Firm A has a marginal cost of $20 and Firm B hasa marginal cost of $16. There are no fixed costs incurred by either firm. Assume that these firms compete in Cournot fashion. Part I. How many units of output each firm produces? Show your work. Part II. What is the equilibrium price in the market? Show your work.Part III. How much profit each firm makes? Show your work. Part IV. What is the consumer surplus? Show your work.Melanie and Oli are competing Pacific halibut fishers. Both have been allocated ITQs that limit their catch to 1,000 tons of Pacific halibut each. Melanie's cost per ton is $36; Oli's cost per ton is $40. If the market price of Pacific halibut is $48 per ton, what is the minimum amount per ton that Melanie would have to offer Oli to convince him to sell Melanie his ITQs? Multiple Choice $6. $8. $12. $4.1. The President of Riceland is very fond of rice and hence has given the license to produce rice only to her own nephew, Mr. Brown. Even the international trade in rice is not allowed. Following is the demand that Mr. Brown faces for rice: D=10-P. He faces a total cost, given by C = 3+Q+0.5Q². People of Riceland were revolting against this obsession for rice for their President, which, one day, eventually resulted in opening up of trade in rice, at the competitive world price level of 3 $. However, the obsession of rice for the President forced her to limit the amount of rice traded in the market to one unit, and she gave the license to trade to Mr. Brown only. Discuss the pattern of trade in rice for Riceland under free trade and restricted trade situations. Compare the profits/losses of Mr. Brown under the following four conditions and which will be the best scenario that he would like the President of Riceland to go for: (a) No trade situation; (b) Free trade situation; (c)…