Assembly a) Provide the formats of R-type and I-type instructions. Explain how opcode is used. b) What is ‘LSL’ commonly used for? c) What is ‘masking’ and how is it normally performed?
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Assembly
a) Provide the formats of R-type and I-type instructions. Explain how opcode is used.
b) What is ‘LSL’ commonly used for?
c) What is ‘masking’ and how is it normally performed?
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- 2. Combinational circuits: Y = (A B) + (A C). B a) Refer to the equation above, draw a combinational logic circuit that implements this function. b) Draw a truth table for the 2(a) circuits. c) Write a sum-of-products representation of Y. d) Write a product-of-sums representation of Y. e) Write the Assembly language code for the equation above using instruction 2-address and instruction 3-address.Give the technical term that best fits each of the following descriptions or definitions. (a) The process of combining multiple, independently developed program units. (b) A type of digital logic circuit without “memory”; the output is a function only of the current input. (c) An assembly language instruction that has no directly corresponding machine language instruction; an example in MIPS assembly language is “li”. (d) A memory element storing a single bit, the value of which is changed only on a clock edge. (e) A data structure created during the assembly process that stores for each label in a program the memory address to which it corresponds. (f) A program chosen to serve as the basis of performance comparison between computer systems. (g) With the IEEE 754 floating point standard, the result of dividing 0 by 0.Translate the following C-code into a set of RISC-V instructions. Annotate the purpose of each instruction with respect to the C-code as a comment. int a = 5; int b = 0; while (1) { if (b != a) { b++; } else { break; } }
- Category: CPU Wiring Look at the following (incomplete) diagram of the Hack CPU taken from figure 5.9 of the textbook. ALU output outM instruction AM inM writeM A addressM inc reset PC po Match the wires A, B, C, D and E with the logic expression that describes the signal they should carry. The logic expressions use the operators not (!), and (&&) and or (I). The 16 wire instruction is named instr. The A and C instruction formats are: A-instruction: 0 V. V. V C-instruction: 1 1 1 a c1 c2 c3 c5 c6 d1 d2 d3 j1 j2 j3 Mire number: 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 6. 4 3 1 instr[15) && instr[3] B. instr[14] ALUA simple two-pass assembler does the following in the first pass: A. It allocates space for the literals. B. It computes the total length of the program. C. It builds the symbol table for the symbols and their values. D. It generates code for all the load and store register instructions. E. None of the above.Q: The contract between hardware and software is known as Instruction set architecture. Explain the working of registers with two main process of Von-Neuman architecture and highlight ISA in this working.
- Consider a microprocessor based board which has 7-segment and Led is connected to it. Design an assembly language code such that input from user is taken; when user presses “1” “AB9876543CDEF210” should display on 7-seg Display and when user press 2 leds should glow 17 times in a loop. If any other key is pressed no action should be taken Rubrics: Analytic Approach (50%) Syntax (25%) Desired output (25%)1- For the following C statement, what is the corresponding RISC-V assembly code? Assume that the variables x, y, h, and i are given and could be considered integers as declared in a C program. Use a minimal number of assembly instructions. Also, use the variables as opposed to register values. h = (x - y) + (i-1) 2- For the following RISC-V assembly instructions below, what is a single corresponding C statement? Assume f, g, h, i are in x18, x19, x20 and x21. Your answer must be one single C statement for all assembly instructions as opposed to one C statement for each assembly instruction. sub x18, x19, x20 add x18, x18, x21 3- Registers in RISC-V are 64-bit. For the sake of simplicity, consider the following instructions operating on 32-bit registers. Assume that registers x5 and x6 hold the values 0xBBBBBBBB and 0x00000000, respectively. - What is the value in x6 for the following slli x6, x5, 6 - Using the result from the part above, what is the value in x6 for the following…Mention the similarity and difference between compare and subtract instructions.
- i. Explain briefly, using a flow graphic and an Intel microprocessor, how the combination of two binary integers occurs. ii. Create a pseudocode and code in any of the basic assembly languages for the above flow chart. iii. For the reduction procedure, repeat steps i. and ii. above.Translate the following C code into RISC v (32-bit) assembly instructions, then convert to machine codes (hex format). Assume that the variable a, b. and e are stored in al, a2, and a3, respectively. Use register al for all intermediate values. C code: a-b+e - 64;Answer the given question with a proper explanation and step-by-step solution. Translate the following C program to MIPS assembly program (Please explain each instruction in your code by a comment and submit a .asm file)