An electric immersion heater, 10 mm in diameter and 300 mm long, is rated at 550 W. If the heater is horizontally positioned in a large tank of water at 20 °C, estimate its surface temperatures. Estimate the surface temperature if the heater is accidentally operated in air at 20 °C.
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- A camera used for monitoring marine life is placed in water where T.. -5°C and the convection heat transfer coefficient h=1420 W/m²K. The camera is operating, but its battery is experiencing thermal runaway, causing the camera to become very hot, and there is volumetric heat generation, qe inside it. There is no heat generation within the waterproof, protective enclosure surrounding it. 00:08 The camera is already compromised; however, its owner hopes to save the protective case. Each interface (between layers A and B and between layers B and C) must not exceed a temperature of 185°C, or these plastic, protective layers will begin to melt. Approximate the camera and its casing as a composite, rectangular object with flat surfaces. The device's total thickness, L=LA + 2LB +Lc, is much smaller than its area (into the page); therefore, 1-D conduction can be approximated through the layers. On the left surface of layer A, the temperature is measured to be T₁ = 8.0°C, and the temperature on…(a) Compare flat plate, parabolic collectors to be used for a solar thermal plant with respect to (i) temperature, (ii) concentration ratio, (iii) suitability, and (iv) absorber type. (b) A tidal power plant of single basin type, has a basin area of 25 x 10 to power 6 m2. The tide has a range of 10m. The turbine however, stops operating when the head on it falls below 2 m. Calculate the energy generated in one filling process, in KWh if the turbine generator efficiency is 75%. (Density of sea water = 1025 kg/m2)A 6-in. polished copper sphere is heated electrically to maintain a surfacetemperature of 280 °F. If the sphere is suspended in a large room where theair and the wall temperatures 80 °F, how much heat, in BTU/hr, must besupplied to the sphere?
- The fan circulates the warm air on the inside of the windshield to stop condensation of water vapor and allow for maximum visibility during wintertime (see images). You have been provided with some info. and are asked to pick from the bottom table, the right model number(s) that will satisfy the requirement.Your car is equipped with a fan blower setting that allow you to choose between speeds 0, 1, 2 and 3. Variation of the convection heat transfer coefficient is dependent upon multiple factors, including the size and theblower configuration.following image shows the parametersA copper rod of 30 kg initially at the temperature of 300 °C needs to be immersed and fitted tightly into a ABA alloy ring with inner diameter 30.0015 mm found in tank of 100 liters water of 25 °C. (i) Determine the diameter copper when it is 300 °C. (ii) In your opinion, does the copper rod will still fit tightly into the ABA alloy ring inner diameter 30.0015 in the ambient air condition of 25 °C. Provide your answer in 4 decimal places. Assume the alloy ABA is very small with negligible effect in heat transfer. [Density for copper = 8890 kg/m3, Specific heat, Ccopper = 385 J/kg.°C;Coefficient of thermal expansion, αCopper = 18.0 × 10-6 (°C)-1]. [Density for ABA alloy = 8500 kg/m3, Specific heat, CABA = 138 J/kg.°C;Coefficient of thermal expansion, αABA = 13.3 × 10-6 (°C)-1]. [Density for water = 1000 kg/m3, Specific heat, Cwater = 4200 J/kg.°C].A horizontal copper plate 10 cm thick is initially uniform in temperature at 250◦C.The bottom surface of the plate is insulated. The top surface is suddenly exposed toa fluid stream at 80◦C. After 6 min the surface temperature has dropped to 150◦C.Calculate the convection heat-transfer coefficient that causes this drop.
- The hot water coming out of a hydrothermal vent is sometimes called vent fluid. Why would you and I find these vent fluids to be an unpleasant thing to be exposed to? a They are some of the coldest fluids on Earth, being much colder than the normal freezing point of water. b They can be up to 400 degrees Celsius, and contain dissolved compounds like hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and methane. c The vent fluids are actually an exotic type of magma, made of silicate minerals. d They are actually ultra-pure water, with nothing at all dissolved in them; so pure that even simple cells will die due to the lack of nutrients in the fluids.. An oil is acting as a lubricant for a pair of cylindrical surfaces. The angular velocity of the outer cylinder is 7908 rpm. The outer cylinder has a radius of 5.06 cm, and the clearance between the cylinders is 0.027 cm. What is the maximum temperature in the oil if both wall temperatures are known to be 70°C? The physical properties of the oil are assumed constant at the following values: Viscosity Density 92.3 cP 1.22 g/cm³ Thermal conductivity 0.0055 (cal/s)/(cm °C)Q1/ consider a (0.8m) high and (1.5m) wide double pane widow consisting of two (4mm) thick layers of glass (k=0.78W/m.°C) separated by a (10mm) wide stagnant air space (k=0.026W/m.C). ). Take the (hi) on the inner surface = 10W/m2.°C and (ho) on the outer surface = 40W/ m².°C. Determine The steady rate of heat transfer through this double pane window is equal The temperature of its inner surface for a day during which the room is maintained at (293K) while the temperature of the outdoor is (263K) is equal to *
- Codfish fillets originally at 10 °C are packed to a thickness of 102 mm. Ice is packed on both sides of the fillets and wet-strength paper separates the ice and fillets. The surface temperature of the fish can be assumed as essentially 0 °C. Calculate the time for the center of the fillets to reach 2.22 °C and the temperature at this time at a distance of 25.4 mm from the surface. Also, plot temperature versus position for the slab using a spreadsheet software. The physical properties are k = 0.571 W/m*K, ρ = 1052 kg/m3, and Cp = 4.02 kJ/kg*K. Use Heissler charts to answer this question.A brass plate has a circular hole whose diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of an aluminum ball. Ifthe ball and the plate are always kept at the same temperature,(a) should the temperature of the system be increased or decreasedin order for the ball to fit through the hole? (b) Choose the bestexplanation from among the following:I. The aluminum ball changes its diameter more with temperature than the brass plate, and therefore the temperatureshould be decreased.II. Changing the temperature won’t change the fact that the ballis larger than the hole.III. Heating the brass plate makes its hole larger, and that willallow the ball to pass through.Two engines have cylinders which are geometrically the same in size and shape. The cylinders of engine A are surrounded with a normal water jacket filled with a water-ethylene glycol solution. The cylinders of engine B are insulated, making this an adiabatic engine. Other than temperatures, the engines are operated with the same steady-state conditions (as much as possible). (a) Which engine has higher volumetric efficiency? Why? (b) Which engine has higher thermal efficiency? Why? (c) Which engine has hotter exhaust? Why? (d) Which engine would be more difficult to lubricate? Why? (e) Which engine would be a better SI engine? Why?