Question 2 or ifareas along the easternwater aquifer (Marshak, 2013).blem for the populatedSaltwater encroachment has become a majorboard of the United States. Some of the areas,ch as Long Island, New York, are heavily popu-ed year-round, and others are popular touristreas, which experience large increases in populationJuring tthe tourist season. Atlantic City, New Jersey, isin example of a coastal area that typically experiencesjeavy increases in population during the summermonths and had to allow for such needs in their watersupplies. With the advent of casino gambling there,an increase in tourism continues over much of theOceandHReferencedatumhSaltwaterd = 33hHence if h is decreased by 0.3 m (1 ft), that is, if thewater table is lowered by 0.3 m (1 ft), d decreases by10 m (33 ft) or, indeed, the interface moves up 10 m(33 ft) as a consequence of the 0.3-m (1-ft) drop inthe water table.Figure 13.20 Island with saltwater intrusion.This illustrates why it is so critical that a per-manent lowering of the water table not be allowedin coastal areas, either by overuse or by dewateringthe sediments to allow mining. As previously stated,this can be prevented in mining areas if the water isrecharged into the ground between the mining siteand the seacoast, thus replenishing the saturatedzone in that location.Freshwaterp = 1.00 g/cm³p = 1.03 g/cm³h = height of water table above sea leveld = thickness of freshwater layer below sea level ordepth from sea level to saltwater interfaceWater tableSaltwaterinterfaceOceanOceanbottom parti4. Detailed information abouting processes is crucial in the study ofsites in carbonate sedimentary rock areas. The1. Information supplied in this chapter indicates that thecontinental landmass of the Earth receives 100,000km³ (24,000 mi³) of precipitation per year. What aver-age value, in centimeters (inches) per year, for rainfallon the continental landmasses is suggested by this?Recall that the Earth is essentially a sphere 12,735 km(7915 mi) in diameter, and the continents constituteabout 21% of the surface area.EXERCISES ON GRO2. The following information pertains to the subsurfaceat a specific location:. The soil is 9.1 m (30 ft) thick and it is a silt.●●A thick sandstone formation 305-m (1000-ft) thicklies below the soil.wo. The depth to the water table is 5.5 m (18 ft).The silt has a capillary fringe 1.5 m (5 ft) thick.Based on this information, show the subdivisions ofthis cross section relative to the subdivisions of sub-surface water. Draw an appropriate hydrostatic pres-sure diagram for the cross section in keeping withFigure 13.2.3. a. If an artesian aquifer is intercepted by a well drilled36.6 m (120 ft) deep and the water rises in a stand-

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2. The figure below shows the subdivisions of the cross section according to the given measurements…