A simple cyclic substitution cipher replaces each English letter with one that is n letters away in the alphabet. What is the plaintext for the following ciphertext, which was encrypted using a simple substitution cipher: XWNVTMBHG BL PATM KXFTBGL TYMXK T IXKLHG ATL YHKZHWWXG PATM HGX ATL EXTKGXW BG LVAHHE
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A simple cyclic substitution cipher replaces each English letter with one that is n letters away in the alphabet. What is the plaintext for the following ciphertext, which was encrypted using a simple substitution cipher:
XWNVTMBHG BL PATM KXFTBGL TYMXK T IXKLHG ATL YHKZHWWXG PATM HGX ATL EXTKGXW BG LVAHHE
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- A symmetric block encryption algorithm is shown below. 16-bit blocks of plaintext P are encrypted using a 32-bit key. Encryption is defined as: C = (P EX_OR Ko) + K1 C is the ciphertext, K is the secret key, Ko is the leftmost 16 bits of K, K1 is the rightmost 16 bits of K, EX_OR is bitwise exclusive OR, and + is binary addition. a. The ciphertext C must be the same size as the plaintext P, that is, it must not be larger than 16 bits. How can this be achieved? b. Show the decryption equation. How will the encrypted message be decrypted?A block cipher has block length 3. When the key is k, the results of encrypting a block with this cipher are given in the table below: m E(m, k) m E(m, k) 000 011 100 101 001 111 101 110 010 001 110 010 011 000 111 100 (i) Decrypt the ciphertext 010011011 given that it was created by using this block cipher in CBC mode, with key k and IV 111. (ii) Decrypt the ciphertext 010011011 given that it was created by using this block cipher in ECB mode, with key k. (iii) Decrypt the ciphertext 010011011 given that it was created by using this block cipher in CTR mode, with key k and initial counter value 100.RSA encryption uses a famous formula for encryption/decryption. Given that N= 12345 , decryption key d = 1961, cipher in numeric form =170826 . what is the decrypted number ?
- Use symmetric ciphers to encrypt message "“promise" and decrypt message "FOG". The representation of characters in modulo 26 is described as follows: Plaintext - a bcdefg|hijk1 mnopar stuvwx y z Ciphertext A BCD|EFG|HIJKL|M|NO|P|Q|R s T|U|VwxY|Z Value 00 01 02|03 04 05 06|07|08|09|10|11 12|13|14|15 16|17 18|19 20 21 22 23 24 25 The mathematical equations for encryption and decryption can be described as follows: Encryption Ea:i→i+kmod 26 Decryption Da : i→i-k mod 26 i represents the messages (plaintext or cipher), k represents a symmetric key. In this case k=20Encrypt the 12-bit plaintext 101010100111 using Simplified B-DES and the 9-bit key K = 010001111. This is a non-computer problem and you need to show all the steps of the encryption processEncrypt a specific message (see below) using RSA with your encryption key: Let M be the numerical portion of your B-number, minus leading zeroes (for example, B00123456 has numerical portion 123456), plus the constant 3100. 3100 is 515377520732011331036461129765621272702107522001. 1. Compute C=Me (mod n); 2. Compute the “signature” S = Md (mod n) Provide the values C and S. B-number is B00123456
- In cryptography, the Caesar cipher is a type of scroll cipher and is one of the simplest and best-known ciphers. When encrypting a message in the Caesar cipher, each letter is usually replaced by the letter three letters in the alphabet. Let the alphabetic scrollback look like this: aw w ww ww m ww w ww w vwwwwwww www ww wwm w w wwwm www ww defg hijkI mnop 9rstuvwxy z abc a bcd efghilj kI P9rstu v w xy z m Keep the encryption in the Python dictionary structure. www ww Write a Python program that takes the three-letter message as input and prints the encrypted message. Guidance: An empty string can be inserted one by one by replacing the letters of the input. wwwwwwwwwww www wn ww wn ww w www wwh m Entry: Message: kar Encrypted message: hxo Entry: Message: yel Encrypted message: vbi Entry: Message: ses Encrypted message: pbp Entry: Message: mtk Encrypted message: jqhThere are other modes of block cipher besides the ones (OFB,CFB,CTR). One of these modes is named Plaintext Block Chaining (PBC) Mode. On the encryption side, the following is executed to obtain the nth ciphertext: Cn := Ek(Mn)XOR Mn-1. Suppose that we need to encrypt M1; : : : ;M5 using the PBC mode. Show the explicit formulas to obtain C1; : : : ;C5. What do you need to use for M0? Also, show the steps on the decryption side to obtain M1; : : : ;M5.A rotation cipher is one of the simplest, plain-text ciphers, known since at least the time of Julius Then a rotation of 3 means that the first three letters of the alphabet are moved to the end of the sequence, while the other letters move up, as shown below. Notice that the movement is done one letter at a time. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 23 24 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 A cipher is created by using the rotated alphabet to replace each letter in the original string with its rotated equivalent letter. Using the example above, the word “this” is translated as follows: • the ‘t’ is found at index 19 in the alphabet. The letter in the rotated alphabet is ‘w’. • the ‘h’ is found at index 7, the rotated letter is ‘k’ • the ‘i’ is found at index 8, the rotated letter is ‘l’ • the ‘s’ is found at index 18, the…
- Encrypt the word SMILE using an alphabetic Caesar shift cipher that starts with shift 25 (mapping A to Z), and shifts one additional space after each character is encrypted. tolp Alphabetic means we're only using the characters ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZEncrypt The following correspondence between letters and numbers is used in the Caesar cypher. de fghij 2 3 4 5 6 k im p q stu x y z a n V 1 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Encrypt the animal name zebra with the Caesar cypher with a key of 3. What is the encrypted animal name (enter a string of letters with no spaces)? Decrypt An animal name was encrypted with the scheme described in the previous question (it was encoded with the key 3). The encrypted animal name is pduprw. What is the animal name?Suppose a plaintext message x is encrypted using the Caesar cipher b = a +26 10 where each letter of the alphabet is assigned a numerical value (A = 0, B = 1, C = 2, ..., Z = 25), the variable a represents the numerical value of a letter in x, and b represents the numerical value of the corresponding letter in the ciphertext message y. If y = WKDR SC MYYV, then decrypt y to obtain the plaintext message x. Enter the decryption of each letter of y in the boxes below. NOTE: All answers should be capitalized and do not insert extra blank spaces. W → K →→ D→ R→ S→ C → M→ Y → Y → RemakingMIN... V →