A researcher studying two species (species I and species 2) sequences a short stretch of eight codons from the same gene, gene B, in each and compares them. Species 1 and species 2 had a most recent common ancestor 50 million years ago. Species 1: ATC GGG CGG GAC TTA CTA TAT GCC Species 2: ATT GGG CGG GAC TTG CTA TAT GCC Given the differences between the sequences of the two species' genes shown here, what evolutionary force can you predict is most likely in operation on gene B? O directional selection balancing selection genetic drift stabilizing selection O positive selection disruptive selection negative selection

A researcher studying two species (species I and species 2) sequences a short stretch of eight codons from the same gene, gene B, in each and compares them. Species 1 and species 2 had a most recent common ancestor 50 million years ago. Species 1: ATC GGG CGG GAC TTA CTA TAT GCC Species 2: ATT GGG CGG GAC TTG CTA TAT GCC Given the differences between the sequences of the two species' genes shown here, what evolutionary force can you predict is most likely in operation on gene B? O directional selection balancing selection genetic drift stabilizing selection O positive selection disruptive selection negative selection

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter15: Biotechnology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9SA: An individuals set of unique _______ can be used as a DNA profile. a. DNA sequence c. short tandem...

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Which of the following is not a conclusion that can be made from the Human Genome Project? A. The genome sequence of one human is 99.9% identical to the sequence of anotherB. Most of our DNA does not encode for proteinsC. Our genome encodes for roughly 20,000 distinct genes and 20,000 protein productsD. We possess many genes that are highly similar to bacterial genesE. All of the above are true
You isolate bacteria from several different pools at the recreation center. Curious about which bacteria likely have a common ancestor with your reference pool (the Buffalo-pool), you BLAST the 16S ribosomal gene from the Buffalo pool bacteria against the 16S ribosomal genes from the other pools. The results are shown below. Which of the bacteria likely have a common ancestor with the Buffalo-pool bacteria? Use e as a cutoff for homology. Organism Dive-well bacteria Competition-pool bacterial Practice-pool bacteria Puddle bacteria Puddle bacteria Practice-pool bacteria Competition-pool bacteria Dive-well bacteria E-value 9e-175 -300 8e 4e-2 4
planet Reen in a distant solar system. They only have one chromosome with eight genes on it that determines the organism's appearance. Your job is to transcribe and translate the DNA and determine what traits the organism has and In this simulation, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism. These organisms were discovered on the TAC CAT AGA TTT ATT TAC CAA GGA TGA GGT TTC ATC TÁC GAA GAG GAG GGG ATT TAC CAA CGC CGA ATT TÁC GTA GTG ATC TAC CAT AAA ATA ACT TAC TTA TAA GAA GAC GGG TGT ACT TAC TTA Protein Synthesis then sketch the organism TTA TTA CGT ATT TAC AAG AGC GTG ATT TAC TCC TCT TTA TGT ATT Amino Acid Sequence Genes Description Short and spiky hair Met - val - ser - leu Gene 1- body covering Met - val - ser - lys Long and curly hairy Met - tyr - pro - glu - pro - lys Gene 2 - body shape Met- val - pro - thr - pro - lys Round body Met - leu - leu - leu - pro Square body Gene 3 - # of legs Met - leu - leu - ser - ala 4 legged 2 legged Met-ala - val - val round head…
A gene in the fruit fly D. melanogaster is found to affect neuronal function when mutated. A homologue of this gene is identified in mice (e.g. a gene likely descended from a last common ancester). Which of the following methods would it make most sense for a scientist to use to study the function of the gene in mice? Check all that apply. O CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing targeting the gene of interest followed by homologous recombination (HR) with a donor template O Reverse genetics O Whole genome sequencing OCRISPR-Cas9 genome editing targeting the gene of interest followed by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) O Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis OForward genetics
How do the following genomic features of prokaryotic organisms compare with those of eukaryotic organisms? How do they compare among eukaryotes? a. Genome size b. Number of genes c. Gene density (bp/gene) d. Number of exons
A researcher used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to test four individual nematodes for the presence of a mutation in Gene Y. When amplified, the fragments of DNA containing the mutated gene alleles were 250 base pairs long and the normal (wild type) alleles were 350 base pairs long. To identify the genotypes of the individual nematodes, the researcher used gel electrophoresis to visualize the PCR results. 1.000 bp 500 bp 300 bp 200 bp 100 bp Remember that these nematodes are diploid organisms and as such, inherited two copies of Gene Y. Which of the following statements is a correct analysis of these results a) Nematode As homozygous for this gene and has two copies of the mutated allele. O b) Nematode C is heterozygous for this gene and has one copy of the mutated allele and one copy of the normal (wild type) allele. O) Nematode D is heterozygous for this gene and has one copy of the mutated allele and one copy of the normal (wild type) allele. ) d) Nematode B is homozygous for this…
Figure 1 shows a DNA base sequence. It also shows the effect of two mutations on this base sequence. Figure 2 shows DNA triplets that code for different amino acids. Original DNA base sequence A TTGGCGTGT Amino acid sequence ATTGGAGTGT ATTG GCC I Mutation 1 DNA base sequence Mutation 2 DNA base sequence GT T A Figure 1 DNA triplets Amino acid GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG Gly GTT, GTA, GTG, GTC Val ATC, ATT, ATA lle ТCC, ТСТ, ТСА, ТСG СТС, СТТ, СТА, СТG Ser Leu A Figure 2 (b) Complete Figure 1 to show the sequence of amino acids coded for by the original DNA base sequence. (c) Some gene mutations affect the amino acid sequence. Some mutations do not Use the information from Figure 1 and Figure 2 to explain (i) whether mutation 1 affects the amino acid sequence (ii) how mutation 2 could lead to the formation of a non-functional enzyme. (d) Gene mutations occur spontaneously. (i) During which part of the cell cycle are gene mutations most likely to occur? (ii) Suggest an explanation for your…
Here is some information about the sequences: There are two images given; one with sequences and the other with a figure. All these sequences, “SEQUENCE_21” to “SEQUENCE_27” are in the same subfamily or “clade” of a large phylogenetic alignment of all Rab proteins in these three species (see “Image with a figure” for a full view of gene family in humans, plants and yeast, see the “D” branch towards the bottom of the tree in Figure). “SEQUENCE_28” is a different Rab protein (actually it is the Rab39 protein at the bottom of the tree). “SEQUENCE_21” is from yeast. “SEQUENCE_22” to “SEQUENCE_25” are from the plant, Arabidopsis. “SEQUENCE_26” and “SEQUENCE_27” are from humans. Question: Based on the information above, what can you speculate about the possible evolution of the genes that “SEQUENCE_21” to “SEQUENCE_27” represent?
4. In the diagram below, Strands I and II represent complementary sections of DNA. The sequence of Strand I is shown. What is the sequence of Strand II? Strand I -- Strand !! -CTAC--------- -????------- a. AGCA c. TCGT b. CTAC d. GATG 5. The instructions for the traits of an organism are determined by: a. the proportions of A, T, C, and G in DNA molecules b. the order of nucleotides in DNA molecules C. the length of DNA molecules d. the way nucleotides are paired in the two strands of a DNA molecule 6. Watson and Crick first built a triple-helix model of DNA. In this model, the nitrogenous bases were on the outside of the DNA molecule, and the phosphate groups were on the inside. outside of the DNA a. At that time, why did it seem reasonable for the bases to be on the molecule? b. What evidence caused Watson and Crick to revise this model? Give specific examples from the film.
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While inspecting the genome sequence of your newly discoyered organism, you note that while the genome overall is 50% G + C, there is a cluster of genes comprising about 20,000 bp that is 64% G+ C. The best explanation for this is Multiple Choice the 20,000 bp segment is a recent acquisition via horizontal gene transfer the 20,000 bp segment likely contains a cluster of housekeeping genes this represents normal variation within a chromosome the 20,000 bp segment is an adaptation to a more thermophilic environment