A notable increase of the activities of CPK МВ (creatine phosphokinase? MB isoform) and LDH-1 were revealed at examination of patient’s blood. What is the most likely pathology?
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A notable increase of the activities of CPK МВ (creatine phosphokinase? MB isoform) and LDH-1 were revealed at examination of patient’s blood. What is the most likely pathology?
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- Heterozygotes for erythropoietic protoporphyria show only 20 to 30% residual ferrochelatase activity rather than the 50% that is normally expected for an autosomal dominant inherited disease. Provide a plausible explanation for this observation.The plasma profiles of codeine (COD) and metabolites for 2 individuals (labeled A and B) are shown below. The X-axis is time in hours after an oral dose of codeine. [M=morphine; C6G=COD-6-glucuronide; M3G = morphine-3-glucuronide; NM (ignore)]. Note the data is shown on a log scale on the Y-axis. (A) Which individual is the poor metabolizer? Explain how you know this from the profiles? (B) Is this a problem for cough suppression? Explain. -CH HO Codeine COD 10 000 1000 C6G COD 100 M3G M6G NM 10 M 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 Plasma concentration (nmol I-)In many individuals with severe cases of A1AT deficiency (the ZZ genotype), intracellular accumulations in the liver are usually noted upon biopsy. What might be the cause of this phenomenon?
- Some are unable to taste thiourea and PTC. DNA sequence results for these individuals show a normal predicted amino acid sequence for the TAS2R38 gene. Provide an explanation that can account for insensitivity to thiourea. (a) First assuming a mutation involving the TAS2R38 gene (b) Then assuming a mutation in a gene other than TAS2R38Hydroxyurea has been shown to increase the expression of fetal hemoglobin in adult red blood cells, by a mechanism that remains unclear. Explain why hydroxyurea can be a useful therapy for patients with sickle-cell anemia.Serum blood of a patient with dislipoproteinemia type 1 has milky appearance even in fasting. If serum stays at low temperature (40) for several hours fatty layer appears on its surface. What are the possible causes of these symptoms? To explain this, answer the questions and do the following tasks: a) what compounds of serum must be tested for that patient in biochemical lab? b) write the reaction which does not occur properly in patient’s blood; c) write down the schemes, explaining how the products of the previous reaction are used in adipose tissue and heart in healthy person 2 hours after a meal.
- Suggest the effects of each of the following mutations on the physiologicalrole of chymotrypsinogen:(a) R15S(b) C1S(c) T147S(b)( ) In mature erythrocytes (red blood cells) the end product of glycolysis is lactate because of the absence of mitochondria. On the right is a table comparing the rate of lac- tate production in hemolysates (lysed cells) of human RBCs as a function of pH with dif- ferent substrates introduced into the glyco- lytic pathway. The hemolysate was fortified with 30 μmoles substrate, 7.5 μmoles MgCl2, 10 μmoles disodium phosphate, 1.5 μmoles NAD* and 5 μmoles ATP in a volume of 5 TABLE 3-LACTATE PRODUCTION IN FORTIFIED HEMOLYSATES OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES* Substrate Glucose Glucose Glucose-6-phosphate Glucose-6-phosphate Fructose-1,6-diphosphate Fructose-1,6-diphosphate Lactate production† No. of experiments pH 6 7.1 2.03 ± 0.91 6 7.8 4.76 ± 1.09 5 7.1 10-731-88 5 7.8 12.34 ±2.92 5 7.0 7.15±0.73 5 7.7 7.15±0.80 mL. The rate of lactate production is given as μmoles of lactate/g Hb/hr at 37° C, buffered to either pH 7.1 or 7.8, as indicated. According to the results in the table which…Glucose has been found to react nonenzymatically with hemoglobin, through Schiff base formation between C-1 of glucose and the amino termini of the B chains. How might this finding be applied in monitoring diabetic patients?
- A series of novel phenadoxone derivatives without mu2 receptor activity (mu2 activity is responsible for physical dependence) proposed to be developed as analgesics is shown below. Addition of which heterocyclic substituent R to phenadoxone is LIKELY to cause the MOST binding of the corresponding derivative to plasma proteins? Use the additivity of approximate estimates of logP to answer this question. phenadoxone derivatives A. Azetidine B. Thiophene C. Oxetane D. Furan E. Pyrrole ترف لي تي في R= -NHABC is an oral medicine and is a co-formulation containing Drug X and Drug Z. When administered alone, Drug X which is the active ingredient, exhibits poor bioavailability. Drug X is known to be metabolised by hepatic CYP enzymes. Studies have shown that addition of Drug Z results in higher blood levels of Drug X. 1) How this might be possible ? 2) Predict possible changes to the pharmacokinetic parameters of Drug X when co-administered with Drug Z ? 3) Clinical outcomes brought about by using this co-formulation ABC ?. Suggest the effects of each of the following mutations on the physio- logical role of chymotrypsinogen: (a) R15S (b) Cis (c) T147S