A consumer's income in the current period is y = 100, and income in the future period is y' = 120. He or she pays lump-sum taxes t = 20 in the current period and t' = 10 in the future period. The real interest rate is 0.1, or 10%, per period. a) Determine the consumer's lifetime wealth. b) Suppose that current and future consumptions are perfect complements for the consumer and that he or she always wants to have equal consumption in the current and future periods. Draw the consumer's indifference curves. c) Determine what the consumer's optimal current-period and future-period consumptions are, and what optimal saving is, and show this in a diagram with the consumer's budget constraint and indifference curves. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower?
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- A consumer's current income (y) is 200 and the future income ( t.') is 240. A current lump sum tax (t) of 10 is paid and the tax in the next period (t) is 15. The real interest rate is 20% for each period. Please assume that current and future consumption are complements. and the consumer always prefers to have one unit of current consumption and two units of consumption in the future. Calculate the optimal current and future consumption and the optimal current and future savings. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower? How does he she. as a lender or a borrower. affect the future consumption?A consumer's current income (y) is 200 and the future income ( t.') is 240. A current lump sum tax (t) of 10 is paid and the tax in the next period (t') is 15. The real interest rate is 20% for each period. Please assume that current and future consumption are complements. and the consumer always prefers to have one unit of current consumption and two units of consumption in the future.Calculate the consumer's lifetime wealth.Calculate the optimal current and future consumption and the optimal current and future savings. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower? How does he she. as a lender or a borrower. affect the future consumption?Consider a two-period consumption saving model and let f1 and f2 denote the first and secondperiod consumption, respectively. Assume that the interest rate at which the consumer may lend or borrowis 10%. Suppose that a consumer’s utility function is x (f1> f2) = f1 + 20√f2= The consumer first periodincome is L1 = $100 and the present value of her income stream is $330=(a) What is the optimal consumption stream (consumption bundle) of this consumer?(b) Is this consumer borrower or lender? How much does she borrow or lend?(c) What is the effect of a reduction of the interest rate to 5% on the consumer’s optimal first-periodsaving? (Make sure to take into account the effect of the decline in the interest rate on the present value ofthe consumer’s income stream.)
- Suppose that a person can borrow and lend at an interest rate of 10 percent. But there is a 5% rate of inflation and one has to pay an income tax of 30 % on all interest income. If you borrow money, you can deduct interest as an expense. Where current consumption is on the horizontal axis and future consumption is on the vertical axis: (a) the budget line will have a kink at the point of no saving or lending. (b) the budget line will be a straight line with a slope of about 1: 02. (c) the budget line will be a straight line with a slope of about 1:05. (d) the budget line will be a straight line with a slope of about 1:35.Optimizing economic agents use the real interest rate when thinking about the economic costs and returns of a loan. Suppose the average rate paid by banks on savings accounts is 0.75% at a time when inflation is around 1.65%. For the average saver, the real rate of interest on his or her savings is .......???%. (Round your response to two decimal places and use a minus sign if necessary.) If banks expect that the rate of inflation in the coming year will be 4.65% and they want a real return of 7.5% on a certain category of loans, then the nominal rate they should charge borrowers on those loans is .......???%. (Round your response to two decimal places.) If the economy experiences an unexpectedly low rate of inflation, the group that would tend to benefit is ___________. A. debtors (people or businesses who owe money). B. creditors (people or institutions that are owed money). C. both would benefit equally. D. neither benefits.Assume an economy with 1000 consumers. Each consumer has income in the current period of 50 units and future income of 60 units, and pays a lump-sum tax of 10 in the current period and 20 in the future period. The market real interest rate is 8%. Of the 1000 consumers, 500 consume 60 units in the future, while 500 consume 20 units in the future. a) Determine each consumer's current consumption and current saving. b) Determine aggregate private saving, aggregate consumption in each period, government spending in the current and future periods, the current-period government deficit, of the quantity of debt issued by the government in the current period. c) Suppose that current taxes increase to 15 for each consumer. Repeat parts (a) and (b) and explain your results.
- #3 . Assume an economy with 1000 consumers. Each consumer has income in the current period of 50 units and future income of 60 units, and pays a lump-sum tax of 10 in the current period and 20 in the future period. The market real interest rate is 8%. Of the 1000 consumers, 500 consume 60 units in the future, while 500 consume 20 units in the future. (a) Determine each consumer’s current consumption and current saving. (b) Determine aggregate private saving, aggregate consumption in each period, government spending in the current and future periods, the current-period government deficit, and the quantity of debt issued by the government in the current period.Suppose Alice faces the following prices and income across two periods. Prices Income Period 10 200 1 Period 12 2 250 Suppose the interest rate is 5%. Using the equation editor, write down the intertemporal budget constraint for Alice.In Irving Fisher’s two period model, if the consumer is initially a saver and the interestrate and the first period consumption increases, then we can conclude that the incomeeffect:a) Was greater than the substitution effectb) Was less than substitution effectc) Exact offset the substitution effectd) And the substitution effect both increased consumption
- Saving in the economy Multiple Choice Occurs when current spending is less than current incomes. and investment are essentially the same concept. Occurs when current consumption is more than current output. is generally not a determinant of future output.Question 2: Consider a consumer who lives for two periods. The consumer's current- period income is y, future-period income is y' and y> y'. The consumer considers the current- period consumption (c) and future-period consumption (c') to be perfect complements. The consumer also likes to perfectly smooth consumption over time, i.e. c = c'. The consumer faces a borrowing rate (r) that is higher than the lending rate (r). There is no limits on borrowing or lending. 1. Draw a diagram with c on horizontal axis and c' on vertical axis. Draw the consumer's budget constraint and indifference curves. Show the equilibrium. Is the consumer a borrower on a lender? Briefly explain. 2. The government introduces fully-funded social security. The consumer is required to contribute t to the consumer's social security account with the government. The gov- ernment promises to pay b in benefits in the next period, where b = t(1+r). The size of the social security contributions is such that y − tBill's income is $1,000 and his net taxes are $350. His disposable income is Group of answer choices $650. $750. $1,350. -$350.SEE MORE QUESTIONS