8. Syringe pumps often fail because reagents adhere to the ceramic piston and deteriorate the seal. Rapir Chemical developed an integrated polymer dynamic seal that provides a higher sealing force on the sealing lip, resulting in extended seal life. One of Rapir's customers expects to reduce downtime by 30% as a result of the new seal design. If lost production would have cost the company Php6M per year for the next 4 years, how much could the company afford to spend now on the new seals, if it uses an interest rate of 12% per year? A Php18.22M B Php28.68M C Php5.47M D Php8.60M
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- Syringe pumps often fail due to adherence of fluid to the ceramic piston which results to seal damage. Chemical Industries developed a specialized polymer dynamic seal for protection that provides longer seal life. One of the C.I’s costumers expects to reduce downtime by 20% as a result of the new seal design. If lost production costs P100,000 per year for the next 5 years, how much could the company afford to spend now on the new seals, if it uses 10% interest rate per year? Include the cash flow diagramLiquid Sleeve, Inc. is a company that makes a sealing solution for machine shaft surfaces that have been compromised by abrasion, high pressures,or inadequate lubrication. The manager is considering adding a metal-based nanoparticle (Type Al or Fe) to its solution to increase the product’s performance at high temperatures. The costs associated with each type are estimated. If the company’sMARRis 20% per year, which nanoparticle type should the company select? Utilize a rate of return analysis.The Greenleaf Company is considering purchasing a new set of air-electric quill units to replacean obsolete one. The machine currently being usedfor the operation has a market value of zero. However, it is in good working order, and it will last for atleast an additional five years. The new quill units willperform the operation with so much more efficiencythat the firm’s engineers estimate that labor, material,and other direct costs will be reduced $3,000 a year ifthe units are installed. The new set of quill units costs$10,000 delivered and installed, and its economic lifeis estimated to be five years with zero salvage value.The firm’s MARR is 13%.(a) What investment is required to keep the oldmachine?(b) Compute the cash flow to use in the analysis foreach option.
- You work for a logistics company, which considers to invest in a computerized system to improve efficiency. The initial cost of implementation for the system is $90,000. Furthermore, it will cost $25,000 per year to maintain the system. Due to the fast nature of the business, your company can use the system for five years and there will be no salvage value at the end of the service period. Thanks to the new system, you estimate that the company will save $65,000 in operating costs each year. In addition, the increase in the effciency would bring $35,000 per year in additional revenues during the service life of the system. Given that your company's MARR is 15%, find the present worth of this investment. A) -$73,239 B) $161,412 C) $251,412 D) Answers A, B and C are not correctSmithson Mechanical Ltd. is considering replacing an existing hoist with a newer, more efficient piece of equipment. The existing hoist has a remaining useful life of 5 years. The new hoist costs CAD 46,000 to purchase and install and alsohas an estimated life of 5 years. It is a Class 5 asset with a CCA rate of 10.0% The company currently produces 8,500 units per year. The new hoist is expected to reduce variable costs by CAD 1.30 per unit and fixed costs by CAD 3,500 year. An increased investment in new working capital of CAD 4,500 will also be required to support the new machine. The existing hoist can currently be sold for CAD 15,000. At the end of 5 years, the existing hoist will have a salvage value of CAD 2,000. The new hoist can be sold for CAD 11,000 at the end of the 5-year period. The project’s RRR is 7.0% and its tax rate is 25.0%. The present value of the net initial cash flows of this project today is closest to: a) CAD -31,090. b) CAD -35,500. c) CAD -43,957. Net…Mallette Manufacturing, Inc., produces washing machines, dryers, and dishwashers. Because of increasing competition, Mallette is considering investing in an automated manufacturing system. Since competition is most keen for dishwashers, the production process for this line has been selected for initial evaluation. The automated system for the dishwasher line would replace an existing system (purchased one year ago for 6 million). Although the existing system will be fully depreciated in nine years, it is expected to last another 10 years. The automated system would also have a useful life of 10 years. The existing system is capable of producing 100,000 dishwashers per year. Sales and production data using the existing system are provided by the Accounting Department: All cash expenses with the exception of depreciation, which is 6 per unit. The existing equipment is being depreciated using straight-line with no salvage value considered. The automated system will cost 34 million to purchase, plus an estimated 20 million in software and implementation. (Assume that all investment outlays occur at the beginning of the first year.) If the automated equipment is purchased, the old equipment can be sold for 3 million. The automated system will require fewer parts for production and will produce with less waste. Because of this, the direct material cost per unit will be reduced by 25 percent. Automation will also require fewer support activities, and as a consequence, volume-related overhead will be reduced by 4 per unit and direct fixed overhead (other than depreciation) by 17 per unit. Direct labor is reduced by 60 percent. Assume, for simplicity, that the new investment will be depreciated on a pure straight-line basis for tax purposes with no salvage value. Ignore the half-life convention. The firms cost of capital is 12 percent, but management chooses to use 20 percent as the required rate of return for evaluation of investments. The combined federal and state tax rate is 40 percent. Required: 1. Compute the net present value for the old system and the automated system. Which system would the company choose? 2. Repeat the net present value analysis of Requirement 1, using 12 percent as the discount rate. 3. Upon seeing the projected sales for the old system, the marketing manager commented: Sales of 100,000 units per year cannot be maintained in the current competitive environment for more than one year unless we buy the automated system. The automated system will allow us to compete on the basis of quality and lead time. If we keep the old system, our sales will drop by 10,000 units per year. Repeat the net present value analysis, using this new information and a 12 percent discount rate. 4. An industrial engineer for Mallette noticed that salvage value for the automated equipment had not been included in the analysis. He estimated that the equipment could be sold for 4 million at the end of 10 years. He also estimated that the equipment of the old system would have no salvage value at the end of 10 years. Repeat the net present value analysis using this information, the information in Requirement 3, and a 12 percent discount rate. 5. Given the outcomes of the previous four requirements, comment on the importance of providing accurate inputs for assessing investments in automated manufacturing systems.
- Newmarge Products Inc. is evaluating a new design for one of its manufacturing processes. The new design will eliminate the production of a toxic solid residue. The initial cost of the system is estimated at 860,000 and includes computerized equipment, software, and installation. There is no expected salvage value. The new system has a useful life of 8 years and is projected to produce cash operating savings of 225,000 per year over the old system (reducing labor costs and costs of processing and disposing of toxic waste). The cost of capital is 16%. Required: 1. Compute the NPV of the new system. 2. One year after implementation, the internal audit staff noted the following about the new system: (1) the cost of acquiring the system was 60,000 more than expected due to higher installation costs, and (2) the annual cost savings were 20,000 less than expected because more labor cost was needed than anticipated. Using the changes in expected costs and benefits, compute the NPV as if this information had been available one year ago. Did the company make the right decision? 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Upon reporting the results mentioned in the postaudit, the marketing manager responded in a memo to the internal audit department indicating that cash inflows also had increased by a net of 60,000 per year because of increased purchases by environmentally sensitive customers. Describe the effect that this has on the analysis in Requirement 2. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why is a postaudit beneficial to a firm?At Stardust Gems, a faux gem and jewelry company, the setting department is a bottleneck. The company is considering hiring an extra worker, whose salary will be $67,000 per year, to ease the problem. Using the extra worker, the company will be able to produce and sell 9,000 more units per year. The selling price per unit is $20. The cost per unit currently is $15.85 as shown: What is the annual financial impact of hiring the extra worker for the bottleneck process?Nico Parts, Inc., produces electronic products with short life cycles (of less than two years). Development has to be rapid, and the profitability of the products is tied strongly to the ability to find designs that will keep production and logistics costs low. Recently, management has also decided that post-purchase costs are important in design decisions. Last month, a proposal for a new product was presented to management. The total market was projected at 200,000 units (for the two-year period). The proposed selling price was 130 per unit. At this price, market share was expected to be 25 percent. The manufacturing and logistics costs were estimated to be 120 per unit. Upon reviewing the projected figures, Brian Metcalf, president of Nico, called in his chief design engineer, Mark Williams, and his marketing manager, Cathy McCourt. The following conversation was recorded: BRIAN: Mark, as you know, we agreed that a profit of 15 per unit is needed for this new product. Also, as I look at the projected market share, 25 percent isnt acceptable. Total profits need to be increased. Cathy, what suggestions do you have? CATHY: Simple. Decrease the selling price to 125 and we expand our market share to 35 percent. To increase total profits, however, we need some cost reductions as well. BRIAN: Youre right. However, keep in mind that I do not want to earn a profit that is less than 15 per unit. MARK: Does that 15 per unit factor in preproduction costs? You know we have already spent 100,000 on developing this product. To lower costs will require more expenditure on development. BRIAN: Good point. No, the projected cost of 120 does not include the 100,000 we have already spent. I do want a design that will provide a 15-per-unit profit, including consideration of preproduction costs. CATHY: I might mention that post-purchase costs are important as well. The current design will impose about 10 per unit for using, maintaining, and disposing our product. Thats about the same as our competitors. If we can reduce that cost to about 5 per unit by designing a better product, we could probably capture about 50 percent of the market. I have just completed a marketing survey at Marks request and have found out that the current design has two features not valued by potential customers. These two features have a projected cost of 6 per unit. However, the price consumers are willing to pay for the product is the same with or without the features. Required: 1. Calculate the target cost associated with the initial 25 percent market share. Does the initial design meet this target? Now calculate the total life-cycle profit that the current (initial) design offers (including preproduction costs). 2. Assume that the two features that are apparently not valued by consumers will be eliminated. Also assume that the selling price is lowered to 125. a. Calculate the target cost for the 125 price and 35 percent market share. b. How much more cost reduction is needed? c. What are the total life-cycle profits now projected for the new product? d. Describe the three general approaches that Nico can take to reduce the projected cost to this new target. Of the three approaches, which is likely to produce the most reduction? 3. Suppose that the Engineering Department has two new designs: Design A and Design B. Both designs eliminate the two nonvalued features. Both designs also reduce production and logistics costs by an additional 8 per unit. Design A, however, leaves post-purchase costs at 10 per unit, while Design B reduces post-purchase costs to 4 per unit. Developing and testing Design A costs an additional 150,000, while Design B costs an additional 300,000. Assuming a price of 125, calculate the total life-cycle profits under each design. Which would you choose? Explain. What if the design you chose cost an additional 500,000 instead of 150,000 or 300,000? Would this have changed your decision? 4. Refer to Requirement 3. For every extra dollar spent on preproduction activities, how much benefit was generated? What does this say about the importance of knowing the linkages between preproduction activities and later activities?
- Boxer Production, Inc., is in the process of considering a flexible manufacturing system that will help the company react more swiftly to customer needs. The controller, Mick Morrell, estimated that the system will have a 10-year life and a required return of 10% with a net present value of negative $500,000. Nevertheless, he acknowledges that he did not quantify the potential sales increases that might result from this improvement on the issue of on-time delivery, because it was too difficult to quantify. If there is a general agreement that qualitative factors may offer an additional net cash flow of $150,000 per year, how should Boxer proceed with this Investment?Shonda & Shonda is a company that does land surveys and engineering consulting. They have an opportunity to purchase new computer equipment that will allow them to render their drawings and surveys much more quickly. The new equipment will cost them an additional $1.200 per month, but they will be able to increase their sales by 10% per year. Their current annual cost and break-even figures are as follows: A. What will be the impact on the break-even point if Shonda & Shonda purchases the new computer? B. What will be the impact on net operating income if Shonda & Shonda purchases the new computer? C. What would be your recommendation to Shonda & Shonda regarding this purchase?Garrett Boone, Ayayai Enterprises’ vice president of operations, needs to replace an automatic lathe on the production line. The model he is considering has a sales price of $395,900 and will last for 12 years. It will have no salvage value at the end of its useful life. Garrett estimates the new lathe will reduce raw materials scrap by $42,500 per year. He also believes the lathe will reduce energy costs by $23,500 per year. If he purchases the new lathe, he will be able to sell the old lathe for $5,338.Click here to view the factor table.(a) Calculate the lathe’s internal rate of return. Internal rate of return $ % (b) If Ayayai Enterprises uses a 10% hurdle rate, should Garrett purchase the lathe? YesNo