8. a) Label the following diagram of a synapse with the following terms: axon termin synaptic cleft, synaptic vesicles, pre-synaptic membrane, post-synaptic membrane. A SYNAPSE Mitochondrion produce ATP Dendrite of second neuron
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- Which of the following does not contribute to propagation of action potentials? a. As the area outside the membrane becomes negative, itattracts ions from adjacent regions; as the inside of the membrane becomes positive, it attracts negative ions from nearby in the cytoplasm. These events depolarize nearby regions of the axon membrane. b. The refractory period allows the impulse to travel in only one direction. c. Each segment of the axon prevents the adjacent segments from firing. d. The magnitude of the action potential stays the same as it travels down the axon. e. Up to a limit, increasing the intensity of the stimulus increases the number of action potentials.View the University of Michigan Webscope (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/nervefiber) to see an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a myelinated nerve fiber. The axon contains microtubules and neurofilaments, bounded by a plasma membrane known as the axolemma. Outside the plasma membrane of the axon is the myelin sheath, which is composed of the tightly wrapped plasma membrane of a Schwann cell. What aspects of the cells in this image react with the stain that makes them the deep, dark, black color, such as the multiple layers that are the myelin sheath?Arrange the events that occur during synaptic transmission. Use letters A-F to denote the correct sequence. Use the diagram on the right as a clue. Example: SENDING NEURON B 1. lon channel opens Synepto SYNAPSE 1. lon channel opens 2. Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft SYNAPTIC CLEFT RECEVING HEURC4 Neurotransmitter 3. Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Jon chennels Neurotransmtter Reseptor deurotranemitter brohen down and sa sd 4. Neurotransmitter binds to receptor BOns 前 命 5. Action potential arrives 6. lon channel closes the obeicos in the bo y belo M (A n
- 6. Identify the following structures on an image of a synapse: Postsynaptic neuron Presynaptic neuron Neurotransmitter Synaptic cleft Synaptic vesicles Receptor for neurotransmitter Cell adhesion molecules Axon terminal 7. hore CAFE Describe the actions of sodium and potassium during action potential generation as it relates to depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization. State the directional flow of each ion and the state of the gated channels for each stage. See figure 12.15 in the textbook.A neuron has a resting membrane potential of -70 milivolts (mV) and a threshold value of -55 mV. Three synapses on the body of this neuron receive the impulses listed below. hyperpolarisation by 5 mV • depolarisation by 15 mV • depolarisation by 10 mV ENTER THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL AS A NUMBER WITH + OR - IN FRONT OF IT. The final membrane potential will be mV and this cause an action potential becasue it is v than theIf action potential propagation from one neuron to another neuron requires ACh release, what event at the synaptic cleft explains the need for action potentials to arrive at a high rate before the post-synaptic membrane achieves threshold? the lack of sodium voltage gated channels on the post-synaptic membrane O the rapid breakdown of ACh by ACHE at the synaptic cleft the slow release of ACh by the synaptic vessicles the slow movement of sodium through chemical gates Previous Next MacBook Air
- Regardless of type, all neurons transfer signals between each other or to effectors (muscles or glands) at a synapse. The neuromuscular junction that we talked about with the muscular system is one example of a synapse. The diagram below shows the general features of a synapse Match each term or description with the appropriate letter in the diagram. You may use terms more than once. 1. Synaptic knob in axon terminal of pre-synaptic cell: 2. Synaptic cleft: 3. Neurotransmitter: 4. Dendrite of post-synaptic cell: 5. Cell body of post-synaptic cell: 6. Receptor in plasma membrane of post-synaptic cell: 7. Chemical released by neurons that stimulates or inhibits other neurons, muscles, or glands: 8. Cell that sends the signal: 9. Dendrite of cell that receives the signal: 10. Space between cells that must be crossed by neurotransmitters: 11. Structure that opens, like a "protein door", when neurotransmitters attach to it:Arrange the events that occur during synaptic transmission. Use letters A-F to denote the correct sequence. Use the diagram on the right as a clue. Example: SENDING NEURON vescJes B 1. lon channel opens Synepto SYNAPSE 1. lon channel opens 2. Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft SYNAPTIC CLEFT RECEMNG NEURC4 Neurotransmitter To us 3. Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane Jon chzn nels Neurotrensmitter Feptor Neurotrensmitter broen down zna selaesed 4. Neurotransmitter binds to receptor tOnS 5. Action potential arrives 辦 6. lon channel closesA loss-of-function mutation in the ion channel responsible for thegeneration of end-plate potentials results in a diminished permeabilityof the ion channel. 1) How would you experimentally test the effect of the mutation on thefunctional properties of the cell (synapse)? You should discuss the typesof postsynaptic responses and physiological parameters you couldmeasure.
- Given the steps shown below, which of the following is the correct sequence for transmission at a chemical synapse? 1. neurotransmitter binds with receptor 2. sodium ions rush into neuron's cytoplasm 3. action potential depolarizes the presynaptic membrane 4. ion channel opens to allow particular ion to enter cell 5. synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft O 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 O 5, 1, 2, 4, 3 O 2, 3, 5, 4, 1 O4, 3, 1, 2, 5 O 3, 2, 5, 1, 4Synaptic transmission depends upon :- a-direct transmission of impulses from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuronb- diffusion of neurotransmitters from synaptic knobs into the soma and dendrites of postsynaptic neuronsc- presence of voltage-gated Ca ++ channels in membrane of synaptic knobsd- presence of voltage-gated Ca ++ channels in the subsynaptic membraneBesides the standard post- and pre-synapse that exchange information, non neuronal cell types also play a role in synaptic transmission. One of those are called astrocytes and can form a tripartite synapse. Explain the roles of astrocytes in synaptic transmission.