6. When the genomes for humans and fruit flies were sequenced, scientists were surprised to find that 60% of genes were similar. a. Why do you think that was surprising? b. Give a hypothesis as to why fruit flies and humans look so different despite the overlap in genes between the two organisms.

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Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.