6. Suppose that American Airlines and Delta Airlines are simultaneously choosing what prices to charge. The payoffs to different combinations of prices are in the table below: American Airlines PLow PMedium PHigh PLow ($15,000, $15,000) ($25,000, $22,000) ($40,000, $20,000) Delta Airlines PMedium ($22,000, $25,000) ($35,000, $35,000) ($38,000, $33,000) PHigh ($20,000, $40,000) ($33,000, $38,000) ($30,000, $30,000) a. Does either of the firms have a dominant strategy? Briefly explain. b. What is the Nash equilibrium in this interaction? Briefly explain.
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- Suppose that currently there are no airlines serving the city of South Podunk. Both Accommodating Airlines and Friendly Flyers are looking to enter that morket (They are the only two.) The figure shows in extensive form the possible outcomes of the two firms' decisions. The payoffs represent, in thousands per month, the profit (or loss) the firm will realize from its decision. What does this extensive form game Indicate about the decision to enter the South Podunk market? Accommodating Airlines (AA) Moves First Friendly Flyers (FF) Move Second Profits (AA FF) Enter A (8, 5) Enter FF Don't Enter C 12. 0) AA Enter 8 (0, 10) Don't Enter FF2 Don't Enter D (0, 0) Multiple Choice Both airlines are better off by entering this market The outcome of this game is a prisoner's dilemma. O Accommodating Airlines has a first-mover advantage in this game. Friendly Flyers has a first-mover advantage in this game.There are two firms in the market (duopoly). These two firms are competingsimultaneously. The first firm chooses its output level (x) by predicting the second firm’soutput (y). Let c denote the total cost function c(x) = x and c(y) = y. Also, let’s assumethat the inverse demand function is p(Y) = 7 - Y where Y = x + y. (1) Obtain the reactionfunction of the first firm. (2) Find the equilibrium (output and profit of each firm) whentwo firms simultaneously competefnan421 WWord Gozden Geç r Gorunum Varc m Ne yaomak steci gnz soy evn 1) Two firms, X and Y, are planning to market their new products. Each firm can develop either TV or Laptop. Market research indicates that the resulting profits to each firm for the alternative strategies are given by the following payoff matrix: FIRM Y TV LAPTOP FIRM X TV 30, 30 50, 35 LAPTOP 40,70 20, 20 A) If both firms make their decisions at the same time and follow maximin (low-risk) strategies, what will the outcome be? B) Suppose both firms try to maximize profits, but Firm X has a head start in planning, and can commit first. Now what will the outcome be? What will the outcome be if Firm Y has a head start in planning and can commit first? I
- It takes 3,000 households having average annual income of $50,000 within a 3-mile radius to support a grocerystore. There are actually 6,000 households within 3-miles of the Shop-Rite Grocery that have $50,000 per yearaverage incomes. Today, Shop-Rite is the only grocery store in this area. Using the concept of Nash Equilibrium inlocation, explain what the likely outcome will be for this area, given those conditionshigh low high 11, 11 2,18 low 18, 2 10,10 Suppose there are only two firms that sell tablets: Padmania and Capturesque. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn, depending on whether it sets a high or low price for its tablets. For example, the lower-left cell shows that if Padmania prices low and Capturesque prices high, Padmania will earn a profit of $18 million, and Capturesque will earn a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Padmania and Capturesque are both profit-maximizing firms. If the firms do not collude, what strategies will they end up choosing? 1. Padmania will choose a low price, and Capturesque will choose a high price. 2. Both Padmania and Capturesque will choose a high price. 3. Padmania will choose a high price, and Capturesque will choose a low price. 4. Both Padmania and Capturesque will choose a low price. True or False: The…fnan421 Word Gozden Geçir Górunum Vard m e vaomak sted nz sOv eyin 1) Two firms, X and Y, are planning to market their new products. Each firm can develop either TV or Laptop. Market research indicates that the resulting profits to each firm for the alternative strategies are given by the following payoff matrix: FIRM Y TV LAPTOP FIRM X TV 30, 30 20, 35 LAPTOP 40,70 20, 20 A) What is the cooperative outcome? B) Which firm benefits most from the cooperative outcome? How much would that firm need to offer the other?
- . Using a payoff matrix to determine the equilibrium outcome Suppose there are only two firms that sell tablets: Padmania and Capturesque. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn, depending on whether it sets a high or low price for its tablets. Capturesque Pricing High Low Padmania Pricing High 9, 9 3, 15 Low 15, 3 7, 7 For example, the lower-left cell shows that if Padmania prices low and Capturesque prices high, Padmania will earn a profit of $15 million, and Capturesque will earn a profit of $3 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Padmania and Capturesque are both profit-maximizing firms. If Padmania prices high, Capturesque will make more profit if it chooses a price, and if Padmania prices low, Capturesque will make more profit if it chooses a price. If Capturesque prices high, Padmania will make more profit if it chooses a price, and if Capturesque prices low, Padmania…the set of Fationalizable strategies will be the same for party R.) Explain your reasoning. ve Intel and AMD, the primary producers of computer central processing units (CPUS), compete with one another in the mid-range chip category (among other categories). Assume that global demand for mid-range chips depends on the quantity that the two firms make, so that the price (in dollars) for mid-range chips is given by P = 210 – Q, where Q = qin- || GAMD and where the quantities are measured in millions. Each mid- + 9AMD tel range chip costs Intel $60 to produce. AMD's production process is more streamlined; each chip costs them only $48 to produce. (a) Write the profit function for each firm in terms of qintel and qAMD- Find each firm's best-response rule. (b) Find the Nash equilibrium price, quantity, and profit for each firm. (c) (Optional) Suppose Intel acquires AMD, so that it now has two sep- arate divisions with two different production costs. The merged firm wishes to maximize total…Suppose a town only has two petrol stations, United and BP. Each could choose to charge a high price or low price, as shown in the matrix below. ВР BP charges a low price: BP has low profit; United BP charges a high price: BP has no profit; United has high profit United charges a United low price: has low profit ВР United charges a high price: has BP has average profit; United high profit; United has no has average profit profit (a) What is the dominant strategy for the above matrix (i.e., a Nash equilibrium)? Explain briefly (b) If the two petrol stations could collude, what would be the likely strategy? Explain briefly. (c) Briefly explain the principles of the 'kinked' demand curve by using an example such as pricing a product by the two supermarket giants.
- Suppose Tasty Cakes is deciding its pricing strategy: it is debating whether to offer a single linear price for its sheet cakes or to offer non-linear pricing. Suppose on any day, it gets 2 customers–who are of Type A and TypeB with the following maximum willingness-to-pay for the cakes: Units Type A Type B 1 $100 $90 2 $75 $40 Suppose it costs $10 to bake each of the cakes. (a) If Tasty Cakes decides to pick a linear pricing strategy, what will be the profit-maximizing price it should choose? How many cakes will it end up selling and what will be its total profit? (b) If Tasty Cakes decides to pick a non-linear pricing strategy where it may offer a different price depending on the number of cakes purchased, what should be the profit-maximizing set of prices? How many cakes will it sell and what will be its total profit? (c)Comparing Tasty Cakes’profits in (a) and (b), explain IN WORDS why we see this difference in profitsII.2 Companies A and B can compete on advertising or R&D. The profits (in millions of $ million) of the two firms are given in the table below assumig that they play a one-shot simultancous mov game (the profit or firm A is listed first in every cell of the matrix, followed by the profit of firm B): Advertising R&D 50, 25 10, 70 20, 40 60, 35 1. Find the mixed strategy equilibrium. A\B Advertising R&D 2. What are the expected profits for both firms in this equilibrium?Consider two restaurants located next door to each other: Quick Burger and The Sunshine Café. If Quick Burger opens a drive-through window, the increased traffic and noise will bother customers seated outside at The Sunshine Café. The accompanying table shows the monthly payoffs to Quick Burger and The Sunshine Café when Quick Burger does and does not operate a drive-through window. Quick Burger Operates aDrive-Through Window Quick Burger Does NotOperate Drive-Through Window Quick Burger $ 24,000 $ 12,000 The Sunshine Café $ 15,000 $ 23,000 Suppose Quick Burger has the legal right to operate a drive-through window, and Quick Burger and the Sunshine Café can negotiate with each other at no cost. Which of the following arrangements would lead to the socially optimal outcome? Multiple Choice Quick Burger pays The Sunshine Cafe $10,000 to operate the drive-through window. Quick Burger pays The Sunshine Cafe $12,750 to operate the drive-through window.…