4. The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and evade destruction by the host's antibodies is called: cytopathic effect lysogenic conversion antigenic variation..
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4. The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and evade destruction by the host's antibodies is called:
cytopathic effect
lysogenic conversion
antigenic variation..
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- 1. Which of the following sentences is CORRECT? A .P53 is an example of tumour activator gene B. leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase C. effective bacteriocidal enzymes are contained in lysosome of the lymphocytes D. Gram stain is the most commonly used tissue stain for routine histological examination E .proteoglycans are located in ground substance of the ECM in connective tissues and basement membrane55. Substances such as Lipid A of LPS which trigger fever production which may help inhibit pathogen replication and speed up chemical reactions involved in host defenses are called pyrogens C Reactive Proteins,/CRP pyogens O leukocidins8. Describe the difference between the use of streptokinase and coagulase as a defence mechanism among pathogens.
- 1. Besides an allergen and an antibody, what is required to cause a cytotoxic (Type II) reaction?45. Host defenses In the process called concentration gradients of microbial substances and inflammatory mediators guide phagocytes to the area of microbial invasion. diapedesis chemotaxis margination inflammationAutoantibodies are probably involved in ________. a. reactions to poison ivy b. pollen allergies c. systemic lupus erythematosus d. HIV/AIDS
- 5) In the event of an inflammation in the body, discuss the vaccine concept after stating what the proteins that cause this formation in the cell where the inflammation takes place and consequently cause the initiation of the fight against this foreign substance.55. Identify a MISMATCHED pair from the following, Group of answer choices lethal factor :::: protease activity; inhibits chemokine production. edema factor :::: unregulated cAMP synthesis protective antigen :::: binds and assembles at target cell membrane protective antigen :::: acts as a biosensor ; detects higher temperature of the digestive system to become active protective factor :::: aids in bringing other toxins components inside cell via endocytosis 56. Which of the following holds TRUE for blood agar medium? Group of answer choices gamma hemolysis is when there is no effect on red blood cells. alpha hemolysis is due to complete breakdown of red blood cells beta hemolysis is the incomplete breakdown of red blood cells. we always use human red blood cells in blood agar blood agar medium belongs to selective media22. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cell- mediated immunity? a. The cells originate in bone marrow b. Cells are processed in the thymus gland c. The activation of cell-mediated immunity can be suppressed d. They are antigen presenting cells e. All of the above are characteristics of cell-mediated immunity 23. All of the following could be possibly target sites for antimicrobials to limit the possibility of side effects except a. peptidoglycan b. parasitic glycolytic enzymes c. ergosterol C. d. RNA polymerase DNA gyrase e. 24. Lysogeny can result in all of the following EXCEPT a. persistent infections b. a bacteria expressing new genes c. transduction of genes C. d. the turning off of the host cell's transcriptional and translational machinery e. the definite destruction of an infected cell 25. Due to your patient's opsonization of a bacterial cell with C₂B, which of following did NOT occur a. interference of the patient's secondary viral infection b. bacterial cell…
- 2. A pharmacologist discovers a new fungal metabolite with unusual antimicrobial properties. It naturally concentrates in the endosomes, lysosomes, and phagolysosomes of cells and directly kills microorganisms (eg, Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that are normally resistant to degradation in the phagolysosomes. It has the undesirable effect of raising the pH within phagolysosomes. Which of the following processes will be primarily affected? A) Class I MHC molecule peptide loading o B) Class II MHC molecule peptide loading C) B-Microglobulin surface expression D) Peptide binding to TCRaß E) Peptide binding to TCRYS71. T-independent antigens such as capsular polysaccharides have all of the following disadvantages EXCEPT (which is false?): do NOT trigger production of memory cells do NOT trigger immune response by the very young and the very old trigger only IgM production stronger IgE response Dit SC1. GLUT4, OAT1, and NKCC2 all have 12 transmembrane domains. True False 2. In the presence of probenecid, the filtration rate of penicillin is significantly reduced, leading to lower clearance rates for penicillin and a sustained therapeutic effect. True False