32. Renin-secreting cells in the kidney are located in which of the following structures? OA) Afferent arteriole OB) Arched collecting tubules OC) Glomerular mesangium OD) Loop of Henle OE) Macula densa of the distal tubule
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- 31. The main function of transitional epithelium in the ureter is: a) protection against kidney stones b) secretion of mucus c) reabsorption d) stretching44. Fluid reabsorption by the proximal renal tubule can be increased by which of the following mechanisms in capillaries? OA) Decreasing the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries B) Decreasing the oncotic pressure in the peritubular capillaries C) Increasing the hydrostatic pressure in the peritubular capillaries OD) Increasing the oncotic pressure in the peritubular capillaries44. Fluid reabsorption by the proximal renal tubule can be increased by which of the following mechanisms in capillaries? OA) Decreasing the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries B) Decreasing the oncotic pressure in the peritubular capillaries OC) Increasing the hydrostatic pressure in the peritubular capillaries OD) Increasing the oncotic pressure in the peritubular capillaries
- 34. The urinary bladder a) is lined with transitional epithelium b) has a thick, muscular wall c) receives the ureters at its superior surface d) is innervated by the enteric nervous system e) more than one answer is correctWhich step(s) in the process of urine formation occur in the renal tubule? A) Filtration, secretion, and reabsorption B) Reabsorption only C) Secretion only D) Secretion and reabsorption only E) Filtration only33. The rate of HCO3-reabsorption in the renal tubules is increased by which of the following? OA) A decrease in the filtered load of HCO3 O B) An increase in arterial Pco₂ C) An increase in extracellular fluid volume OD) An increase in serum Cl-concentration O) E Inhibition of renal carbonic anhydrase activity
- Which of the following statements is false regarding the filtration that takes place in the kidneys? a) About 20% of the total plasma volume is filtered into the lumen of Bowman's capsule. b) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR): indicates how fast blood plasma is filtered through the glomeruli of the kidney c) It is primarily the systemic blood pressure that determines how much urine you produce. d) The filtrate consists of water, smaller molecules and ions that can cross the filter barrier8. Urine passes through the ureters by which mechanism? a) capillary action b) peristalsis c) gravity alone d) suction1) During embryonic development of the kidneys the glomeruli form from the _____. A) ends of blood vessels branching off the aorta B) peritoneal funnels of the metanephric tubules C) somites running alongside the dorsal hollow nerve cord D) neural crest cells and epidermal placodes
- 31. A 45-year-old woman has renal tubular acidosis caused by inadequate reabsorption of sodium bicarbonate in her kidneys. Which of the being parts of the malfunctioning in this patient? A) Collecting duct B) Distal convoluted tubule OC) Glomerulus OD) Loop of Henle OE) Proximal convoluted tubuleIf the glomerular filtration rate is too low: A) The filtrate passes through the nephron tubules without secretion B) Needed substances cannot be reabsorbed quickly enough and are lost in the urine C) Little or nothing is reabsorbed and the urine is high in ammonia and uric acid D) None of these answers is correct E) The filtrate passes through the nephron tubules more quickly than normalThe filtration units of kidneys are called: a) Ureterb) Urethrac) Neuronsd) nephrons.
