3. At the end of 2007 the prevalent bankers' compensation structure came into spotlight. For instance, on January 9, 2008 Raghuram Rajan wrote in FT: "Banks have recently been acknowledging enormous losses, yet those losses are barely reflected in employee compensation. For example, Morgan Stanley announced a $9.4bn charge-off in the fourth quarter and at the same time increased its bonus pool by 18 per cent." Can this quote help relating bankers' return (employees, NOT bank shareholders!) structure to one of the asymmetric information problems? If yes, why? 6
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13.
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- Describe shadow banking and FinTech and give one example of FinTech. Is it fair to state that FinTEch is aform of shadow banking. If so or if not, please explain whyCould you add more information regarding the below statement? "I do agree with the notion that the Federal Reserve is the most important financial institution in the world. The reason being that it plays such a pivotal role in the economy - for better or for worse. For example, the federal reserve supervises banking institutions and provides many financial services to the U.S government. In addition, the federal reserve has the power to regulate the economy when it is unstable. For example, the Federal Reserve has the ability to manipulate interest rates in order to stabilize the economy when it is needed most. Overall, without the Fed, the economy would have a much more difficult time maintaining itself. When it comes to inflation specifically, I do believe that the Federal Reserve should step in as it is their responsibility. I think that increasing interest rates could be a significant help, but I think that decreasing the money supply/circulation as well as selling bonds could help…Over the last 10 years the Federal Reserve has substantially changed the way itoperates. What is different about how the Federal Reserve now conducts policy? a) It is more secretive about interest rate and other policy changes b) it gives the public forward guidance on what it will do c) it places fewer regulations on commercial banks d) it discuesses its policy in public and asks for guidance from Congress
- Briefly explain how banks can optimize their position through managing their use of commodities?“Operation Twist” is a program conducted by the U.S. Federal Reserve (the Fed) in late 2011 and 2012 to help stimulate the economy. Through this program, the Fed sold shortterm bonds it had already held, and the sales proceeds were used to purchase longer-term Treasury bonds. Such operation would “twist” the yield curve of Treasury bonds. Draw a graph to illustrate and explain in words how the yield curve of the U.S. Treasury bonds would be “twisted” by this program.Suppose that after a few mergers and acquisitions, onlyone bank holds 70% of all deposits in the United States.Would you say that this bank would be considered toobig to fail? What does this tell you about the ongoingprocess of financial consolidation and the governmentsafety net?
- [Related to Solved Problem 5.2A] An article on the American Express website observes that "often, an interest carry trade involves maturity mismatch, since longer-term lending typically carries higher interest rates than short-term." How might you be able to make a profit from the fact that long-term interest rates are typically higher than short-term interest rates? A. By borrowing short term and investing the funds long term. OB. By purchasing more short-term securities than long-term securities. OC. By borrowing long term and investing the funds short term. OD. By purchasing more long-term securities than short-term securities. Why, in practice, is it difficult for the average investor to make a profit from an interest carry trade? OA. The average investor does not have access to long-term investments, and can only access them through expensive brokerage arrangements. B. The average investor often overestimates inflation rates resulting in negative real returns on long-term…What factors may reduce the banks’ dominance in the future? Prove explanations in detail with an exampleIn the PowerPoint presentation, what did we learn about "shadow banking?" Multiple Choice This market consists of pawn shops, payday check cashing centers, and high-interest rate online lenders like LendingClub and Prosper. The Fed really doesn't do a good job in regulating these types of lenders. This marketplace is illegal and is run by organizations like the Hell's Angels and the Mafia. This is shadow banking. Shadow Banking is simply offshore banks located outside of the U.S. This is the Federal Reserves Bank's super-secret lending program where they lend money to finance CIA orchestrated plans to overthrow foreign governments, counter-terrorist operations, anti-money laundering strike teams, and to catch those involved in counterfeiting.
- What do the authors mean when they state that financial intermediaries can achieve economies of scale with respect to transaction costs? A. Intermediaries can spread transaction costs across larger transaction volumes, so the cost per unit is lower. B. Intermediaries tend to specialize in certain types of transactions, so their costs are lower because they operate at lower volume than other types of financial firms.. A well-known bank has specialized in adjustable-rate mortgages. They have originated 7 billion USD in adjustable-rate mortgages. This bank generally raises money by borrowing with shorter term loans and issuing fixed-interest rate Certificates of Deposit. The bank has 6 billion in short-term adjustable-rate loans to partly help fund the loan portfolio. The federal reserve has announced an increase in their target interest rate of 50 basis points (0.5%). What is the equation and solution.1.13 Read the following extract and answer the question that follows. Yes, SANParks can refuse to take your cash, says the Reserve BankAt the start of September, South African National Parks (SANParks) will stop accepting cash payments at theentrances, and inside, some of its parks, a policy to be implemented across every national park during 2023.And that is quite alright, says the SA Reserve Bank, as custodian of the rules intended to manage the currency.SanParks announced its roadmap for going cash free – both for the convenience of visitors and for reasons ofsafety – on Wednesday.Source: https://www.businessinsider.co.za/sanparks-is-legally-allowed-to-refuse-cash-reserve-bank-says-2021-8Accessed: 23/08/21The impact of the above decisions by SANParks will have its impact on…a) …the M1 measure of money.b) …the M2 measure of money.c) …the M3 measure of money.d) …the number of notes and coins in circulation in the economy.