3 Which among the following is NOT true to the epidemiologic triangle model? A. If the balance is maintained or is tilted in favor of the host, disease does not occur. B. Environmental elements can tilt the balance in favor of the agent. C. The model suggests that the agent and the susceptible host interact freely in a common environment. D. If the balance is tilted in favor of the agent, disease does not occur. Answer: Rationale: 4) This refers to any organism capable of causing disease: A. Causative agent B. Reservoir C. Portal of exit D. Susceptible Host Answer:
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- Differentiate the following Epidemiologic Functions: a. Endemic b. Sporadic c. Hyperendemic d. Epidemic e. Pandemic f. OutbreakWhich of the following statements is correct? a. An individual who has been diagnosed with a communicable disease and those who may have been exposed to the infection are to be placed together in a unit away from others b. Serial interval is the interval between when an infectious agent invades a body and when the first sign or symptom appears c. Isolation should be maintained through the incubation period of a disease d. Healthy asymptomatic individuals suspected to have been exposed to an infection are quarantined through the length of the incubation periodEpidemiological studies are applied to the control of health problems in individuals. A. True B. False
- According to the natural history of disease model, the time before the precursors of disease and the host interact is called the period of: A. Prepathogenesis B. Pathogenesis C. Primogenesis D. B and CDifferentiate the following Epidemiological Measures a. Frequency Measures: Incidence and prevalence b. Morbidity Frequency Measures c. Mortality Frequency MeasuresThe epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors contribute to an outbreak - an agent that causes the disease, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. Some general changes within these three factors that may cause an infectious disease to emerge include: A. changes in populations or behavior of reservoir hosts or intermediate hosts B. microbial genetic mutation and viral genetic recombination or assortment C. environmental factors such as an increase in precipitation D. all of the above E. none of the above
- The Zoomland epidemic does not mimic a real epidemic in every respect. What is ONE way the Zoomland epidemic is not an entirely realistic simulation? A. In the Zoomland epidemic we could tell who had interacted with whom (contact tracing). In real life there is no way to do any contact tracing. B. In the Zoomland epidemic people interacted randomly with others. In real life people interact much more with some members of the population than others. C. In the Zoomland epidemic, transmission only occurred when a person came into contact with an infected person AND a suitable vector. In real life some diseases do not require a vector for successful transmission.Which of the following is not a result of healthcare-associated infection? Lütfen birini seçin: a. Development of functional disability b. Requirement of extra investigations c. Development of neurological sequeta d Decrease the resistance against antimicrobials e. Increase the length of hospital stayAll of the following are components of PRECEDE, except: a. Enabling b. Educational diagnosis c. Reinforcing d. Participating
- Providing tetanus immunizations after injury is considered which of the following levels of prevention? a. Primary prevention. b. Assessment. c. Tertiary prevention. d. Secondary prevention.Which of the following describes "incubation period"? a. It is the time interval between entry of an infectious agent into the body and the appearence of the first symptoms and/or signs of the disease b. It is the time after recovery when a person can still harbor the infection c. It is the time interval through which an infected person is able to transmit the infectious agent to others d. It is the time interval between the onset of primary and secondary casesWhich of the following is not true? a. Cockroaches can transport a variety of parasites, usually on their external surface. This is an example of mechanical transmission by a vector b. A contamination will inevitably lead to an infection c. Case fatality rate is one of the indicators of virulence of an infectious agent d. None of the pandemics prior to COVID-19 were caused by a coronavirus