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- The color change accompanying the reaction of phenolphthalein with strong base is illustrated below. The change in concentration of the dye can be followed by spectrophotometry (Section 4.9), and some data collected by that approach are given below. The initial concentrations were [phenolphthalein] = 0.0050 mol/L and [OH] = 0.61 mol/L. (Data are taken from review materials for kinetics at chemed.chem.purdue.edu.) (For more details on this reaction see L Nicholson, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 66, p. 725, 1989.) (a) Plot the data above as [phenolphthalein] versus time, and determine the average rate from t = 0 to t = 15 seconds and from t = 100 seconds to t = 125 seconds. Does the rate change? If so, why? (b) Use a graphical method to determine the order of the reaction with respect to phenolphthalein. Write the rate law, and determine the rate constant. (c) What is the half-life for the reaction?Instantaneous rates for the reaction of hydroxide ion with Cv+ can be determined from the slope of the curve in Figure 11.3 at various concentrations. They are (1) At 4.0 105 mol/L, rate = 12.3 107 mol L1 s1 (2) At 3.0 105 mol/L, rate = 9.25 107 mol L1 s1 (3) At 2.0 105 mol/L, rate = 6.16 107 mol L1 s1 (4) At 1.5 105 mol/L, rate = 4.60 107 mol L1 s1 (5) At 1.0 105 mol/L, rate = 3.09 107 mol L1 s1 (a) What is the relationship between the rates in (1) and (3)? Between (2) and (4)? Between (3) and (5)? (b) What is the relationship between the concentrations in each of these cases? (c) Is the rate of the reaction proportional to the concentration of Cv+? Explain your answer.For the past 10 years, the unsaturated hydrocarbon 1, 3-butadiene (CH2 = CH - CH = CH2) has ranked 38th among the top 50 industrial Chemicals. It is used primarily for the manufacture of synthetic rubber. An isomer exists also as cyclobutene: The isomerization of cyclobutene to butadiene is first-order and the rate constant has been measured as 2.0104s1 at 150 C in a 0.53-L ?ask. Determine the partial pressure of cyclobutene and its concentration after 30.0 minutes if an isomerization reaction is carried out at 150 C with an initial pressure of 55 torr.
- A +B - C [AJ(M)[B](M) Initial Rate (M/h) 0.153 0.191 122 Using the rate equation Rate k[A]™[B]", and the partial data table above, find k if m=1 and n=1. Please do not include units.Give the equation for quantum yield j. rate of formation of the singlet state rate of ith decay mechanism rate of ith decay mechanism rate of removal of the singlet state rate of ith decay mechanism rate of formation of the singlet state rate of removal of the singlet state rate of ith decay mechanism Step 4 of 6 Give the quantum yield ;. (Use the following as necessary: kj, k1, k2, k3, and t.) k1 + k, + k = ki 3 k1 + k2 + k3 Recalling the relationship between the overall rate constant, k, and the mean lifetime, T, give the quantum yield D; in terms of T and Tj. (Use the following as necessary: T and T;) i Step 5 of 6 (c) If T1 = 1×10-7 s, T2 = 4x10-8 s, and T3 = 1x10-8 s, calculate the lifetime of the singlet state and the quantum yield for the path that has T2. (Enter an unrounded value with at least 3 digits.) 1 using the equation given in (b). Calculate = 7.407e-9 s-1 Solve for T, the lifetime of the singlet state. T = .185175 X S SubmitWhich of the following statement/s is/are true for steady state approximation? Select all the correct answers. O The intermediate acts as a catalyst, resulting in a fast clementary rcaction. The concentrations of one or more intermediate species undergoes a negligible change with time. All of these statements are correct. ) The intermediate generated from an elementary step is rapidly consumed in the next step.
- The reaction (CH3)3CBr + OH- -> (CH3)3COH + Br- in a certain solvent is first order with respect to (CH3)CBr and zero roder with respect to OH-. In several experiemnts, the rate constant was determined at different temepratures. A plot of ln(k) vs. 1/T was constructed resulting in a straight line with a slope of -1.10x104 K and a y-intercept of 33.5 a. determine the activation energy b. determine the frequceny factor and rate constant at 25.0C c. determine the rate constant when the temperature drops to 15.0C(b) The reaction between H2O2 and lodide; H,0, + 21 + 2H*→ 2H,0 + 12 Proceeds by two parallel mechanism and led to a rate laws, k, [H,0][I] and = k, [H,0][][#*] %3D dt dt The change in observed rate constants with ionic strength for both the mechanisms is given in the following table. k (M's) 0.69 k2 (M's') Sr. no. Ionic strength (1) 19.0 0.00 0.0207 0.66 15.0 3 0.0525 0.67 12.0 4 0.0925 0.68 11.3 0.69 0.1575 0.2025 9.7 0.71 9.2 With the help of this data and corresponding plots, comment on which mechanism between these two would follow Primary salt effect more prominently. rhich tyne of complex mechanism T-jumpþne proposed mechanism for the condensation of propanone, ((CH3)2CO), is as follows: (CH3)2CO(aq) + OH (aq) = CH3C(0)CH, (aq) + H20(1) CH;C(O)CH2 (aq) + (CH3)2CO(aq) - product Use the steady-state approximation to determine the rate of formation for the product.
- The decomposition of gaseous ozone 2 03 → 3 02, exhibits a rate law given by - d[O]] / dt = k [0;J / [0] Show that this rate law follows from the mechanism k1 O3 F k2 (1) 0 + O2 (2) 03 + 0 k3 >2 02 On the supposition that k2 >> k3. What is the resulting expression for k?þne proposed mechanism for the condensation of propanone, ((CH3)2CO), is as follows: (CH3),CO(aq) + OH (aq) = CH;C(0)CH2(aq) + H20(1) %3D CH;C(O)CH2 (aq) + (CH3)2CO(aq) product Use the steady-state approximation to determine the rate of formation for the product.Many metallic catalysts, particularly the precious-metalones, are often deposited as very thin films on a substanceof high surface area per unit mass, such as alumina(Al2O3) or silica (SiO2). (a) Why is this an effective way ofutilizing the catalyst material compared to having powderedmetals? (b) How does the surface area affect the rateof reaction?