3- The mechanism for the ortho substitution of aniline is shown below. Using acetanilide, which is an activating group like aniline, shows the mechanism for para-addition. Include all resonance structures. Explain why para-addition, like ortho addition, is favored when an activating group is on the ring. NH2 E NH2 E NH2 O E : NH, E "ortho attack" @NH₂ E Additional resonance structure where all atoms I have an octet. This helps to stabilize the ortho pathway.

3- The mechanism for the ortho substitution of aniline is shown below. Using acetanilide, which is an activating group like aniline, shows the mechanism for para-addition. Include all resonance structures. Explain why para-addition, like ortho addition, is favored when an activating group is on the ring. NH2 E NH2 E NH2 O E : NH, E "ortho attack" @NH₂ E Additional resonance structure where all atoms I have an octet. This helps to stabilize the ortho pathway.

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Which of these heterocyclic drugs is likely to be the least soluble in water? Use the Fsp³ parameter to decide. OH Tramadol Chemical Formula: C16H25NO2 YOUR OW Pantoprazole Torasemide Chemical Formula: C16H15F2N3O4S Chemical Formula: C16H20N4O3S Temazepam -OH Chemical Formula: C16H13CIN₂O2 Tioconazole Chemical Formula: C16H13C3N₂OS A. Tramadol B. Pantoprazole C. Torasemide D. Temazepam E. Toconazole
22) answer the following question.. Refer to the kinetic scheme for competitive inhibition and the structures shown below to E+S ES E +P -co- CO- 1 2 EI Compound 1 was determined to act as a competitive inhibitor through standard inhibition studies. Structural studies did not show any resemblance to the transition state. Compound 2 was also determined to act as a competitive inhibitor. Structural studies showed that it does resemble the transition-state. The K, constant is used to assess relative affinity of inhibitors for enzymes. That is, each compound has its own K, value. We can interpret K, the same way we do with Ka values. True or False: K, > Kµ2. Briefly explain your answer.
Considering the general structure of penicillins, how are they rendered ineffective? Select one: O a B-Lactamase performs nucleophilic attack of the amide in the penicillin side chain Ob. B-Lactamase performs nucleophilic attack of the amide in the B-lactam ring and subsequently hydrolyzes this intermediate OC. B-Lactamase performs nucleophilic attack of the thiazolidone ring on the carbon next to the electronegative sulfur leading to a covalently inhibited B-Lactamase o d. All of these O e. None of these
why does the bulky compounds favor at the equatorial position. For instance L-selectride or MPV favoring attack at the equatorial position rather than axial for 4-tertbutylcyclohexanone.
1. Gemtuzumab and Trastuzumab emtansine are two examples of mAb-drug conjugates (ADCS) where the thiol-containing drugs calicheamicin and DM1, respectively, are attached to the mAb's via the linkers shown below. SO, Na „SH Thiolhydrazide in Gemtuzumab Sulfo-SMCC in Trastuzumab emtansine (i) Show the chemistry involved in conjugating the drug (Calicheamicin-SH) to the antibody in Gemtuzumab and draw the target mAb-drug conjugate with a detailed linker region. Show the chemistry involved in conjugating the drug (DM1-SH) to the antibody in Trastuzumab and draw the target mAb-drug conjugate with a detailed linker (ii) region.
I. Write a balanced chemical reaction, complete with chemical structures, to show the hydrolysis of iso-C to U. II. Draw the mechanism by which iso-G converts to its "minor tautomeric form complementary to U." You may propose either an acid or base catalyst. III. Draw chemical structures of the minor tautomeric form of iso-guanine (iso-G) and uracil (U), showing the non-covalent bonding (H-bonding) interactions between them.
6. The Vmax and KM values for an unusual hexokinase found in Try- pansoma cruzi (the causative agent of Chagas disease) are shown in the presence and absence of a bisphonate inhibitor (structure shown). Without inhibitor With inhibitor Км (mM) 90 125 Vn max (umol min-1. mL-1) 0.30 0.12 ОН O=P-O- A bisphonate compound a. What type of inhibitor is bisphonate? b. The parasite hexokinase, unlike the mammalian enzyme, is not inhibited by glucose-6-phos- phate but is inhibited by pyrophosphate (PP;). Is this observation con- sistent with your answer to part a? c. Might bisphonate be a good candidate for a drug to treat the disease?
12 Determine the type of biochemical reaction that occurs in the reaction shown below. O O O O O redox isomerization group C-C bond formation/cleavage transfer hydrolysis/condensation Previous Ex-xx-xx OH (ATP) OH OH OH OH + AMP OH OPO₂² OH OH +AMP1 OH (ADP)
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7. Chalcone isomerase catalyzes the reaction illustrated below. A series of modification experiments were performed on this enzyme to identify which amino acid residues might be in the active site and which might promote the cyclization reaction. OH Ho. Но Explain the following results: A) Acetic anhydride treatment inhibited enzyme activity. B) Pyrocarbonate inhibited activity and was found to modify 7 residues. However, this enzyme only contains 6 His and modification of these did not affect activity. C) lodoacetate inhibited activity but this effect coult be decreased in the presence of substrate or product. D) Methane methanethiol sulfonate modified the enzyme but did not inhibit catalytic turnover. In addition, this modification was reversed in the presence of B-mercaptoethanol. keNyons Rengent