23. Calculate the free energy of hydrolysis ATP in a rat liver cell in which the ATP, ADP, and Pi concentrations are 3.4, 1.3, and 4.8 mM, respectively. AG" for this hydrolysis -31.5 kJ/mol
Q: topic: enzymes In which organs or tissues are they usually present in the human body? Tabulate your…
A: Different Organs and Enzymes InvolvedOrgan/TissueEnzymes PresentFunctionsStomachPepsin, Gastric…
Q: What is the hydrophobic effect and how does that play a role in cell membrane formation?
A: The hydrophobic effect refers to the tendency of nonpolar substances to aggregate in aqueous…
Q: Question 1 Listen Joey has the genotype Aa; Tt where A is the gene for albinism and T is the gene…
A: The question is asking us to determine the possible types of gametes that can be produced by an…
Q: Identify which structures are equivalent to the L-configuration. H + NH₂ H3C- HOOC H -COOH NH₂ CH3…
A: D and L configurations of amino acids is dur to the presence of chiral carbon atom which exhibits…
Q: How does the coplanar nature of the peptide bond impact the overall structure of D O a. a. It…
A: A peptide bond is an amide type of covalent bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids as shown…
Q: Genetics Question 1
A: The objective of the question is to determine the possible inheritance patterns of a trait based on…
Q: What is the energy charge for the cell with concentrations of [ATP] = 1.000 mM, [ADP] = 10.00 uM,…
A: The energy charge, EC of a cell can be calculated using the formulaEC = [ATP + (1/2 ADP) ] / (ATP…
Q: SN1 reaction, E1 reaction, and radical reaction
A: Metabolic reactions:These reactions in the body involve the transformation of substances in the…
Q: . The structure of certain porin proteins is organized into an interesting beta-barrel, in which…
A: IntroductionStructureAquaporin have structure consisting of 6 member helical structure forming…
Q: Select any and all statements about polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that are true. There may be more…
A: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an enzymatic process in which a specific region of DNA is…
Q: the reaction: peptide (20 residues) + H₂O + chymotrypsin → peptide (8 residues) + peptide (12…
A: Chymotrypsin is a proteolytic enzyme, meaning it catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in…
Q: look at the molecule form for sucrose why does carbohydrates not follow the one to one carbon…
A: Given that:All carbohydrates not follow the 1:2:1 carbon : hydrogen : oxygen ratio of…
Q: which yields more free energy when completely oxidized, stearate or alpha-linolenate?
A: The objective of this question is to determine which molecule, stearate or alpha-linolenate, yields…
Q: Mutations in adenylate kinase have led to a hyperactive enzyme that ultimately ends up elevating ADP…
A: Given ATP = 0.5 mMADP = 12.2 mMAMP = 80uM
Q: Genetics Question 2
A: The question is asking us to determine the probability that an offspring from two heterozygous…
Q: Briefly explain the direct effect (i.e., not via hormones) glucose has on the enzyme, referring to…
A: a) Glycogen phosphorylase is a key enzyme in glycogen breakdown. It cleaves glycogen by the addition…
Q: The peptide PICKHAPPY has what charge state at PH of 0.1
A: There are 4 classes of biological macromolecules: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and…
Q: Which of the following best describes the sequence variation within class | MHC molecules? A)…
A: MHC stands for Major Histocompatibility Complex molecules. They are a type of cell surface proteins.…
Q: Mark any/all that apply to uncompetitive inhibition: Group of answer choices: None of these is…
A: The enzyme inhibition which is also known as anti-competitive inhibition is characterised by change…
Q: Watch the following videos and answer the questions below. 1. Basic chemistry for Physiology…
A: In Biochemistry there are various terms used to describe things which have a very important meaning…
Q: Select the incorrect statement. With regards to free energy ΔG of the reaction below E+S ⇌ ES…
A: ∆G is the difference in free energy in a reaction between reactants and products. ∆G° is the change…
Q: The genome of SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded sense (coding) mRNA that is translated into many…
A: The three prime untranslated region is abbreviated as 3'UTR. It is the part of messenger RNA that…
Q: Rank these molecules in order of increasing energy state (1 = lowest energy; 4 = highest energy)…
A: The proteins are biological macromolecules that are made of twenty naturally occurring amino acids…
Q: Which of the twenty naturally occurring amino acid side chains are charged at a pan of 1.00? pH of…
A: Amino acids can be defined as organic compounds which comprise of both amino & carboxylic acid…
Q: Question: Estimate the pl of the tripeptide ? Step 1: Determine what can be protonated/deprotonated…
A: There are four classes of biological macromolecules: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and…
Q: In your opinion, what is the most harmful effect of widespread opioid use? Why is opioid different…
A: A class of medications known as opioids is derived from or imitates natural chemicals present in the…
Q: Gleevec inhibits an enzyme needed in cancer cell proliferation. It acts by increasing the enzyme's…
A: Gleevec, also known by its trade name imatinib and internationally as Glivec, is an oral medicine…
Q: 1. (4) Explain the following observation: At a pH of 7:0, polylysine, which is a peptide in which…
A: Proteins are biological macromolecules that are composed of twenty naturally occurring amino acids…
Q: Some anaerobic bacteria use an alternative pathway for glucose catabolism that converts glucose to…
A: Microbial fermentation is a process by which microorganisms convert organic compounds into other…
Q: What type(s) of non-covalent interaction determine(s) the specificity of base-pairing within a DNA…
A: As per the Watson-Crick model of the DNA double helix:DNA is made up of two strands of…
Q: Your tyrosinase enzyme assay results in a slope of 0.001946 sec-¹ for absorbance at 475 nm. Give the…
A: Before going into the calculation part, we need to know the principle behind the assay. The assay is…
Q: 1. Identify the amino acids in this peptide 2. Which amino acid sidechains are protonated at…
A: The following molecule is a tripeptide having three amino acids attached with two peptide bonds. The…
Q: Which of the following would be present in the urine of dogs that were fed phenylpalmitate? (Note:…
A: Phenylpalmitate is an ester of fatty acids. Hydrolysis is the process by which the esters of the…
Q: 1. Look at the following diagram of a nucleotide, below, and circle and label all three components:…
A: A nucleotide is composed of 3 components;A pentose sugarA nitrogenous baseOne or more phosphate…
Q: The following question focuses on how the parameters regulating enzyme function might change, and…
A: Michaelis-Menten (MM) plot and Lineweaver Burk (LB) plot are drawn to decipher the kinetic…
Q: 1. Shown below is the intermediate in the aldolase mechanism, after dissociation of the first…
A: When drawing chemical reaction mechanisms, we use a curved arrow to show the flow of electrons. The…
Q: Polymerases synthesize nucleic acids in the DNA and RNA is in the directinon. Fill in the two blanks…
A: Polymerases are the enzymes that polymerise nucleic acids like DNA or RNA. DNA polymerase synthesis…
Q: 5. Draw an approximate titration curve of glycine. Label the approximate isoelectric point of the…
A:
Q: Enzyme performance (a) Compare chymotrypsin, Muty, and carbonic anhydrase in terms of chemical…
A: Turnover number (kcat) is the maximum number of substrate molecules that can be converted into…
Q: Carbohydrates differ in solubility based on the size of the molecule. Which of the following…
A: Carbohydrates are the biomolecules which are classified into monosacharides, oligosaccharides and…
Q: Assessment 2: scenario based assessment Instructions This is a ‘scenario problem’. Read the…
A: The objective of the first question is to determine the optimal speed of travel for the treasure…
Q: which one is forward primer and which one is reverse primer
A: In order to make multiple copies of a double stranded DNA, two primer molecules are required; the…
Q: Question 2
A: The objective of this question is to determine the genotypes of the parent pea plants based on the…
Q: One of the reasons for oxidizing the disulfide bonds in RNase A before removing the urea in the…
A: In the Anfinsen experiment, Christian Anfinsen aimed to investigate the relationship between the…
Q: A high concentration of which of the following would activate the citric acid cycle? ADP ATP Acetyl…
A: In the animal tissue, the citric acid cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. Acetyl CoA from…
Q: Problem: From the following information determine the amino acid sequence of a peptide. N-terminal…
A: When a polypeptide undergoes edman degradation it gives PTH derivative of an amino acid residue. The…
Q: compound can be found with a tyrosyl unit?
A: Tyrosyl unit:This unit refers to a structural component which is derived from the amino acid…
Q: Consider a small protein containing 90 amino acid residues. The protein backbone will have 178 bonds…
A: Random coils are secondary structures that lack any regular pattern. Examples of secondary…
Q: ketch a titration curve and the structures of the major ionic forms of glutamic acid that exist in…
A: The proteins are composed of twenty naturally occurring amino acids connected via peptide bonds.The…
Q: Genetics Question 4
A: The AR gene provides instructions for making a protein called the androgen receptor. Androgens are…
Unlock instant AI solutions
Tap the button
to generate a solution
Click the button to generate
a solution
- Inside cells, the AG value for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pi is approximately -50 kJ/mol (-12 kcal/mol). Calculate the approximate ratio of [ATP] to [ADP][Pi ] in cells at 37°C. AG = AG + RT InKe R= 8.315 x 10³ kJ mol deg T= 298 K Table 15.1 Standard free energies of hydrolysis of some phosphorylated compounds Compound kJ mol- kcal mol- Phosphoenolpyruvate 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Creatine phosphate ATP (to ADP) -61.9 -14.8 -49.4 -11.8 -43.1 -10.3 -30.5 - 7.3 - 5.0 Glucose 1-phosphate Pyrophosphate Glucose 6-phosphate -20.9 -19.3 -4.6 -13.8 3.3 Glycerol 3-phosphate - 9.2 2.2 biochemistry1. a. Calculate the physiological DG of the reaction shown below at 37°C, as it occurs in the cytosol ofneurons, with phosphocreatine at 4.7 mM, creatine at 1.0 mM, ADP at 0.73 mM, and ATP at 2.6mM. The standard free energy change for the overall reaction is –12.5 kJ/mol. Phosphocreatine + ADP ® creatine + ATP b. The enzyme phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose6-phosphate. Calculate the standard free energy change of this reaction if incubation of 20 mMglucose 1-phosphate (no glucose-6 phosphate initially present) yields a final equilibrium mixtureof 1.0 mM glucose 1-phosphate and 19 mM glucose 6-phosphate at 25°C and pH 7.0. c. If the rate of a nonenzymatic reaction is 1.2 x 10–2 μM s–1, what is the rate of the reaction at 37℃ inthe presence of an enzyme that reduces the activation energy by 30.5 kJ/mol?Explain the difference between ΔG°’ and ΔG and calculate the free energy (delta G) of hydrolysis of ATP in a rat liver cell in which the ATP, ADP, and Pi concentrations are 3.4, 1.3, and 4.8 mM.
- Substrate Concentration (mol L1) Velocity (mM min-1) 2.500 0.588 1.000 0.500 0.714 0.417 0.526 0.370 0.250 0.256 Determine the values of Km and Vmax for the decarboxylation of a 훃-keto acid given the followingdata. You have to plot the graph by using excel and please include the scope of graphAn enzyme has a rate enhancement of 1.3x106. Calculate the value of ΔΔG‡ at 25.0 °C in kJ mol-1. (Hint: be sure to pay attention to units and signs.) (R = 8.3145 J mol-1 K-1)Calculate theequilibrium constant and thefree energy of (Mg)ATP hydrolysis in a closed system in which concentrations of ATP, ADP and Piare, respectively, 3.5, 1.0, and 5 mMand 25 degrees Celsius. Is the reaction spontaneous?R = 8.314 J/(deg Kelvin-mol).
- A total of 30.5 kJ mol-1 of free energy is needed to synthesise ATP from ADP and Pi when the reactants and products are at 1.0 M concentrations and the temperature is 25oC. Because the actual physiological concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are not 1.0 M, and the temperature is 37oC, the free energy required to synthesise ATP under physiological conditions is actually ~ 46.2 kJ mol-1. A 68 kg adult requires an energy intake of 8,550 kJ of food per day (24 hours). Calculate the mass (in Kg) of ATP synthesised by a human adult in 24 hours, assuming that the percentage efficiency of converting inputted calories in ATP is 50%. What percentage of the body weight does this represent?10. Calculating AG in a Rat Liver Cell Calculate the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP in a rat liver cell in which the ATP, ADP, and P₁ concentrations are 3.4, 1.3, and 4.8 mM, respectively.28. If 20 mM solution of Acetyl-phosphate is transformed to acetate by incubating with a catalytic amount of acetate kinase until equilibrium is reached. Acetyl-phosphate -> Acetate + Pi At equilibrium, the concentration of Acetyl-phosphate is 8 mM. Determine Keq and AG" for the hydrolysis of Acetyl-phosphate reaction. (R = 0.008314 kJ/mol K) .
- The ΔG°′ for hydrolytically removing a phosphoryl group from ATP is about twice as large as the ΔG°′ for hydrolytically removing a phosphoryl group from AMP (−14 kJ · mol−1). Explain the discrepancy.27. The standard-state free energy of hydrolysis for acetyl phosphate in 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate is 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + H₂O 3-phosphoglycerate + Pi AGI-49.6 kJ/mol. Determine the free energy change for 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate hydrolysis in a solution of 5.4 mM 3-phosphoglycerate, 0.0054 M inorganic phosphate, and 20 nM 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate.Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the hydration of CO. CO2 + H2O ¬ H½CO3 The Km of this enzyme for CO, is 1.20×104 µ.M. When [CO,] = 3.60×104 µM, the rate of reaction was 4.50 umol·mL! sec-1 a What is Vmax for this enzyme? umol·mL-!sec-!