21 After the two firms buy or sell pollution permits from each other, what is the likely amount of pollution emitted by each firm? Ras lives in an apartment building and gets a $700 benefit from playing his stereo. Mariam, who lives next door to Ras and often loses sleep due to the music coming from Ras's stereo, bears a $1,000 cost from the noise. 22 Suggest an offer that Mariam could make to Ras to turn down his stereo,
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- There are three industrial firms in Happy Valley.FirmInitial PollutionLevelCost of ReducingPollution by 1 UnitA 30 units $20B 40 units $30C 20 units $10The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units,so it gives each firm 20 tradable pollution permits.a. Who sells permits and how many do they sell?Who buys permits and how many do they buy?Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are eachwilling to do so. What is the total cost of pollutionreduction in this situation?b. How much higher would the costs of pollutionreduction be if the permits could not be traded?There are three industrial firms in a town Firm Initial Pollution Level Cost of Reducing Pollution by 1 Unit A 30 units $20 40 units 20 units B с $30 $10 The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units, so it gives each firm 20 tradable pollution permits. 1. Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation? 2. How much higher would the costs of pollution reduction be if the permits could not be traded?cap-and-trade and windfall profitsA city called Seoul is suffering from high concentrations of mercury in the air, caused by burningcoal in power plants. There are two of these plants close to the city. The city’s mayor wants touse cap-and-trade to reduce emissions to a reportedly “safe” level of 60 tons. The two firms havethe following marginal benefits of emissions: MB1 = 100 – 2e1, MB2 = 25 – 0.5e2.a. How much mercury will each firm emit? What allowance price will prevail in themarket?Firm 2 hires a smart lobbyist who convinces the government that its profits are relatively low andthat it therefore deserves a generous allowance allocation. The government agrees and allocatesa1 = 20 allowances to firm 1 (for free) and a2 = 40 allowances to firm 2 (for free).b. What are the firms’ profits? Do any of the firms earn windfall profits? [Hint: compareprofits with and without regulation.] Windfall profits have been sharply criticized by consumer advocacy groups and politicians.c. What can…
- 17. Two firms, A and B, each currently dump 50 tonnes of chemicals into the local river. From now on both firms will require a pollution permit for each tonne of pollution dumped. The government gives each firm 20 tonnes' worth of pollution permits, which it can either use or sell to the other firm. It costs Firm A $100 for each tonne of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river, and it costs Firm B $50 for each tonne of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river. After the two firms buy or sell pollution permits from each other, what would we expect that Firm A and Firm B will dump? a Firm A will dump 10 fewer tonnes of pollution into the river, and Firm B will dump 50 fewer tonnes of pollution into the tiver. b. Firm A will dump 50 fewer tonnes of pollution into the iver, and Firm B will dump 10 fewer tonnes of pollution into the river. c. Firm A will dump 50 fewer tonnes of pollution into the river, and Firm B will dump 10 more tonnes of pollution into…There are three industrial firms in Kitona. The Government wants to reduce pollution to 120 units, so it gives each firm 40 tradable pollution permits. Firm Initial Pollution Level Cost reducing pollution by 1 unit A 70 Units $20 B 80 Units $25 C 50 Units $10 Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation?There are three industrial firms in Kitona. The Government wants to reduce pollution to 120 units, so it gives each firm 40 tradable pollution permits. Firm Initial Pollution Level Cost reducing pollution by 1 unit A 70 Units $20 B 80 Units $25 C 50 Units $10 Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation? How much higher would the cost of pollution reduction be if the permits could not be traded?
- 9. There are three industrial firms in Happy Valley. Initial Pollution Cost of Reducing Firm Level Pollution by 1 Unit A 30 units $20 B 40 units $30 C 20 units $10 The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units, so it gives each firm 20 tradable pollution permits. a. Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation b. How much higher would the costs of pollution reduction be if the permits could not be traded? nswersDollars Firm 2 60 60 MC 50 MC S0 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 Q1 0: Os Q, Q, Q. Q, Q, Q2 Q Q. Qs Q. Ahatemene Ahstement9. There are three industrial firms in Happy Valley. Initial Pollution Cost of Reducing Firm Level Pollution by 1 Unit A 30 units $20 40 units $30 C 20 units $10 The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units, so it gives each firm 20 tradable pollution permits. a. Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation? b. How much higher would the costs of pollution reduction be if the permits ould not be traded? Answers
- 9. There are three industrial firms in Happy Valley. Initial Pollution Cost of Reducing Firm Level Pollution by 1 Unit A 30 units $20 40 units $30 C 20 units $10 The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units, so it gives each firm 20 tradable pollution permits. a. Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this sittation? b. How much higher would the costs of pollution reduction be if the permits could not be traded? nswerswo firms, A and B, each currently dump 50 tonnes of chemicals into the local river. The government has decided to reduce the pollution and from now on will require a pollution permit for each tonne of pollution dumped into the river. It costs Firm A $100 for each tonne of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river, and it costs Firm B $50 for each tonne of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river. The government gives each firm 20 pollution permits. Government officials are not sure whether to allow the firms to buy or sell the pollution permits to each other. What is the total cost of reducing pollution if the firms are NOT allowed to buy and sell pollution permits from each other, and what is the total cost of reducing pollution if the firms ARE allowed to buy and sell permits from each other? A. $4500; $2500 B. $3000; $1500 C. $4500; $3500 D. $4500; $4000There are three industrial firms in the county. -Firm A's initial pollution level is 50 units. Its cost of reducing pollution by 1 unit is $30. -Firm B's initial pollution level is 40 units. Its cost of reducing pollution by 1 unit is $20.-Firm C's initial pollution level is 30 units. Its cost of reducing pollution by 1 unit is $40.The government wants to reduce pollution to 90 units so it gives each firm 30 tradable pollution permits.(i) Who sells permits? (ii) How many do they sell? (iii) Who buys permits? (iv) How many do they buy?