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- Suppose that Congress passes a law requiringemployers to provide employees some benefit (suchas healthcare) that raises the cost of an employee by$4 per hour.a. What effect does this employer mandate haveon the demand for labor? (In answering this andthe following questions, be quantitative whenyou can.)b. If employees place a value on this benefit exactlyequal to its cost, what effect does this employermandate have on the supply of labor?c. If the wage can freely adjust to balance supply anddemand, how does this law affect the wage andthe level of employment? Are employers better orworse off? Are employees better or worse off?d. Suppose that, before the mandate, the wage in thismarket was $3 above the minimum wage. In thiscase, how does the employer mandate affect thewage, the level of employment, and the level ofunemployment?e. Now suppose that workers do not value themandated benefit at all. How does this alternativeassumption change your answers to parts(b) and (c)?The figure depicts the efficiency wage equilibrium of a worker and a firm. According to this figure: Isocosts Worker's best response curve 0.7---- 0.5+ -- 4 6 10 12 Hourly wage, $ At B, the MRS is higher than the MRT. O The firm is able to increase its profits from those attained at A by inducing the worker to exert higher effort in return for a higher wage. O The firm would maximise its profits by paying an hourly wage that is $6 above the worker's reservation wage. O At C, the marginal rate of substitution (MRS) between higher wage cost and higher effort exceeds the marginal rate of transformation (MRT). Effort per hour 近Explain how the wage can adjust to balance thesupply and demand for labor while simultaneouslyequaling the value of the marginal product oflabor.
- 1. Given the graph below, would Amy enter the LF? What is her reservation wage? MG() A 33 30 15 16 Hours of NMT 2. Suppose Amy's nonlabor income increases and shifts her budget constraint to BE'. Given the graph below, what happened to Amy's reservation wage? How would Amy's work decision change? 0 MO(S) A 30 E 16 Hours of NMTA current debate in education is whether teachersshould be paid on a standard pay scale based solelyupon their years of training and teaching experience,or whether part of their salary should be based upontheir performance (called “merit pay”).a. Why might merit pay be desirable?b. Who might be opposed to a system of merit pay?c. What is a potential challenge of merit pay?d. A related issue: Why might a school district decideto pay teachers significantly more than the salariesoffered by surrounding districts?Leadbelly Co. sells pencils in a perfectly competitiveproduct market and hires workers in a perfectly compel·ilive labor market. Assume tha t the market wage ra le forworkers is $150 per day.a. What rule should Leadbcily follow to hire theprofit-maximizing ammmt ol labor?b. Al the profit-maximizing level of output, the marginal product of the last worker hirro is 30 boxesof pencils per day. Calculate the price of a box ofpencils.c. Draw a diagram of the labor market fo r pencil wo.rkers (as in Figure 4 ol this chapter) next to a diagramof the labor supply and demand for Leadbelly Co. (asin Figure 3). Label the equilibrium wage and quanti tyof labor lor both the market and the lirm. How arethese d iagrams related?d. Suppose some pencil workers switch to jobs in thegrowing computer industry. On the sidc,-by-5idediagrams from part (c), show how this changeaffects the equilibrium wage and quantity o( laborlor both the pencil market and lor Leadbelly. Howdocs this change affect the marginal…
- Otherthingsbeingconstant,howwillthefollowinginfluence the hourly earnings of employees? Explain your answer. The employee must work the midnight to 8:00 a.m. shift. The job involves split shifts (work three hours, off two hours, work three additional hours, and so on). Theemployerprovideslow-costchildcareservicesonthe premises. The job is widely viewed as prestigious. The job requires employees to move often from city to city. The job requires substantial amounts of out-of-town travel.12. The figure shows Edwyn’s labor supply curve. Consider a wage increase from $5 to $6. For Edwyn, does the price effect or income effect dominate his labor supply decision? Consider a wage increase from $7 to $8. For Edwyn, does the price effect or income effect dominate his labor supply decision?Table 14.10 shows levels of employment (Labor), the marginal product at each of those levels, and the price at which the firm can sell output in the perfectly competitive market where it operates. a. What is the value of the marginal product at each level of labor?b. If the firm operates in a perfectly competitive labor market where the going market wage is $12, what is thefirm’s profit maximizing level of employment?
- Given the following table, how many workers should be hired to maximize profits? LABOR MP VMP WAGE $32 $100 2 32 $128 $100 3 16 S64 $100 4 -1 S-4 $100 -12 $-48 $100 Answer Choices: a) 1 b) 2 C) 3 d) 4The lines on the graph are budget constraints, showing the tradeoff between labor and leisure. Suppose that when the wage changes, an individual chooses to move from point A to another point on the graph. For each of the other points, where would it belong on the backward bending labor supply curve? Backward‑bendingportionVerticalportionUpward‑slopingportion Answer Bank B D F C EDiscuss the effect of economic factors on pay of Employees brodly.