2. Two drivers traveling side-by-side at the same speed suddenly see a deer in the road ahead of them and begin braking. Driver 1 stops by locking up his brakes and screeching to a halt; driver 2 stops by applying her brakes just to the verge of locking, so that the wheels continue to turn until her car comes to a complete stop. (a) All other factors being equal, is the stopping distance of driver 1 greater than, less than, or equal to the stopping distance of driver 2? (b) Choose the best explanation from among the following: I. II. III. Locking up the brakes gives the greatest possible braking force. The same tires on the same road result in the same force of friction. Locked-up brakes lead to sliding (kinetic) friction, which is less than rolling (static) friction.

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**Problem 2: Stopping Distance Comparison of Two Drivers**

Two drivers traveling side-by-side at the same speed suddenly see a deer in the road ahead of them and begin braking. Driver 1 stops by locking up his brakes and screeching to a halt; Driver 2 stops by applying her brakes just to the verge of locking, so that the wheels continue to turn until her car comes to a complete stop. 

(a) All other factors being equal, is the stopping distance of Driver 1 greater than, less than, or equal to the stopping distance of Driver 2? 

(b) Choose the best explanation from among the following:

I. Locking up the brakes gives the greatest possible braking force.

II. The same tires on the same road result in the same force of friction.

III. Locked-up brakes lead to sliding (kinetic) friction, which is less than rolling (static) friction.

---

In analyzing part (a), consider the principles of friction and braking force. Locking up the brakes causes the tires to slide along the road surface, resulting in kinetic friction. On the other hand, braking just before the point of locking up utilizes the maximum static friction without transitioning into kinetic friction. 

By comparing the two scenarios:

- **Kinetic friction** (when the wheels are locked) is generally lower in magnitude compared to **static friction** (when the wheels are turning but not locked).
- Consequently, the braking force in the kinetic friction scenario is less efficient compared to the static friction scenario.

Therefore, Driver 1 (utilizing kinetic friction by locking up the brakes) will have a longer stopping distance compared to Driver 2 (who maintains static friction).

For part (b), III offers the best explanation: 
"Locked-up brakes lead to sliding (kinetic) friction, which is less than rolling (static) friction."

This elucidates that the rolling friction (engaged by Driver 2) is more effective for braking than sliding friction (experienced by Driver 1), thus explaining why Driver 2 would stop in a shorter distance.
Transcribed Image Text:**Problem 2: Stopping Distance Comparison of Two Drivers** Two drivers traveling side-by-side at the same speed suddenly see a deer in the road ahead of them and begin braking. Driver 1 stops by locking up his brakes and screeching to a halt; Driver 2 stops by applying her brakes just to the verge of locking, so that the wheels continue to turn until her car comes to a complete stop. (a) All other factors being equal, is the stopping distance of Driver 1 greater than, less than, or equal to the stopping distance of Driver 2? (b) Choose the best explanation from among the following: I. Locking up the brakes gives the greatest possible braking force. II. The same tires on the same road result in the same force of friction. III. Locked-up brakes lead to sliding (kinetic) friction, which is less than rolling (static) friction. --- In analyzing part (a), consider the principles of friction and braking force. Locking up the brakes causes the tires to slide along the road surface, resulting in kinetic friction. On the other hand, braking just before the point of locking up utilizes the maximum static friction without transitioning into kinetic friction. By comparing the two scenarios: - **Kinetic friction** (when the wheels are locked) is generally lower in magnitude compared to **static friction** (when the wheels are turning but not locked). - Consequently, the braking force in the kinetic friction scenario is less efficient compared to the static friction scenario. Therefore, Driver 1 (utilizing kinetic friction by locking up the brakes) will have a longer stopping distance compared to Driver 2 (who maintains static friction). For part (b), III offers the best explanation: "Locked-up brakes lead to sliding (kinetic) friction, which is less than rolling (static) friction." This elucidates that the rolling friction (engaged by Driver 2) is more effective for braking than sliding friction (experienced by Driver 1), thus explaining why Driver 2 would stop in a shorter distance.
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