2. Look up the solubility data for benzoic acid in the solvent toluene. Is benzoic acid more or less soluble in toluene than water? Why? 3. What would be a disadvantage of using toluene in this experiment?
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- 5. You have 100 mL of a solution of benzoic acid in water; the amount of benzoic acid in the solution is estimated to be 0.30 g. The distribution coefficient of benzoic acid in diethyl ether and water is approximately 10. Calculate the amount of benzoic acid that would be left in the water solution after four 20-mL extractions with ether. Do the same calculation using one 80-mL extraction with ether to determine which method is more efficient. You must show all your work for this question (all calculations) to get any credit.15 I. 16. II. Solubility of Alcohols in Water A. Effect of carbon chain length Sample No. of drops until formation of 2 layers 25 Ethanol 1-Propanol 25 1-Butanol 7. 1-Pentanol 4. Question: From the results shown, what is the effect of the carbon chain length on the solubility of alcohols? Answer:A 25.00 mL of pond water was analyzed using Winkler method. A standardized sodium thiosulfate (0.1000 M) was used to titrate the water sample. a. Calculate the moles of sodium thiosulfate reacted to the sample if 1.75 mL was used during the titration. b. How much moles of I2 reacted with the manganese oxide precipitate? c. Compute for the dissolved oxygen in the sample. Express the concentration in ppm.
- 10. Fractional Distillation: This lab was viewed via a video and described in detail in lab class. You are distilling apart hexane (bp = 68) and toluene (bp 110). Your boiling point for the first fraction is 48°C. Why is the boiling point so low (most likely reason)? !! azeotrope with water non-resonance of hexane O resonance of toluene student error O seriously impaired thermometer17. Which solvent mixture would be the most polar?a. 100% hexanesb. 90:10 hexanes/acetonec. 80:20 hexanes/acetoned. 50:50 hexanes/acetoneA mixture of the two compounds shown below is dissolved in ether. Using the information given in the experiment, select all the correct statements regarding the extraction and isolation of the two compounds. lose 0000 X OH A. X can be extracted from the organic layer using sodium hydroxide. B. Y can precipitate out of the aqueous layer by the addition of sodium hydroxide to the salt of Y. C. X can precipitate out of the aqueous layer by the addition of sodium hydroxide to the salt of X. D. Y can be extracted from the organic layer using sodium hydroxide.
- Isopropanol and water are miscible, meaning they can be combined in any ratio. So why were they immiscible in this experiment? In other words, why does the presence of sodium chloride reduce the solubility?IDENTIFICATION OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE MIXTURES. 1. A. Sodium Chloride - naphthalene -'Food Color Mixture 1. Sublimation 2. Adsorption with activated carbon 3. Dissolution with water then evaporation B. Sodium chloride - Sulfur - Sand Mixture 1. Dissolution with water then evaporation 2. Dissolution with toluene then decantation 3. Dissolution with toluene the evaporation1. Explain the importance of using a thermometer in the simple distillation setup. 2. Enumerate the characteristics of a substance for it to be separated from the heterogeneous mixture by steam distillation. 3. How does steam facilitate the distillation of essential oils? 4. Discuss some applications of simple distillation and steam distillation. Explain why you can use each method for the chosen application. 5. What is the most dominant intermolecular forces of attraction that exist between: a. water and limonene, the major monoterpene component of lemon essential oil? b. water and constituent ions of sodium chloride? 6. Based on your answers in number 5, which pair (water-limonene or water-sodium chloride) exhibits a stronger attraction between their molecules/ions? 7. Describe what happens during the salting-out process in terms of the intermolecular forces of attraction involved as mentioned in your previous answers.
- 1. In a simple extraction of monomeric organic compound from water with an immiscible organic solvent the relative distribution ratio is 50. How many milligrams (mg) of solute will remain in 200 mL of water if after extraction there are 10.0 mg of solute in the 100 mL volume of organic phase? (Please show the solution of the correct answer) A. 0.05 mgB. 0.10 mgC. 0.20 mgD. 0.40 mgIf the solubility of a compound A in ether is 30g/100 ml, and the solubility of A in water is 15 g /100 ml. a) If 100 ml of aqueous solution of 3g of A are extracted twice with 100 ml ether. How much A total is extracted? b) How much A would be extracted if only one extraction, but with a volume of 200 ml of ether were extracted? c) What is your conclusion from the amount of A extracted in problems a and b above?1. In between water and 10% HCl, aniline and diethylamine is more soluble in what solvent? Explain and show the chemical reaction involved. 2. In between water and 10% NaOH, benzoic acid and phenol is more soluble in what solvent? Explain and show the chemical reaction involved.