2. Enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
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- 4. Peculiarities of hormonal regulation of glycogen metabolism in muscles and liver.1.How does compromised pyruvate kinase activity lead to anemia? 2.In your own words, what do you think is/are the reason/s why most of the clinical features of these diseases involve muscle and nerve tissue(Deficiencies of a-KG dehydrogenase, succinate de-hydrogenase SDH and fumarase?1. There are two metabolic routes for the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). What factors likely indicate which route is used? Do the two routes have different requirements for cellular energy (e.g. ATP)? 2. Compare the export of glucose from hepatocytes to the import into hepatocytes. 3. Would you expect anaplerotic reactions to be active in the postprandial hepatocyte? Why?
- 10. General equation of anaerobic oxidation of glucose.1. All of the following statements about pyruvate dehydrogenase are true EXCEPT: It converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. It is very closely related to alpha-ketoglurarate dehydrogenase. It uses three different cofactors. All of these are true. It produces NADH. 2. Which statement about lactate is TRUE? It is produced when NADH levels are low. It is produced when oxygen levels are high. It is produced when ATP levels are high. It is produced when glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate levels are high. It is produced when NAD+ levels are high. 3. In the Krebs cycle, the energy released by taking a compound off Coenzyme A is used to: isomerize citrate decarboxylate isocitrate oxidize carbon make a new carbon-carbon bond. reduce carbon26. Which of the following statements is correct? A. Insulin can activate pyruvate carboxylase B. More energy in the form of ATP is required to synthesize glucose from pyruvate than can be obtained from glucose by glycolysis alone C. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is a modulator that can stimulate either glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, depending on cellular glucose concentration D. All of the above
- 1. All of the following statements about pyruvate dehydrogenase are true EXCEPT: It converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. It is very closely related to alpha-ketoglurarate dehydrogenase. It uses three different cofactors. All of these are true. It produces NADH. 2. Which statement about lactate is TRUE? It is produced when NADH levels are low. It is produced when oxygen levels are high. It is produced when ATP levels are high. It is produced when glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate levels are high. It is produced when NAD+ levels are high. 3. Phosphoglycerate kinase is fundamentally similar in function to: None of these phosphofructokinase hexokinase pyruvate kinase galactokinase 4. In the Krebs cycle, the energy released by taking a compound off Coenzyme A is used to: isomerize citrate decarboxylate isocitrate oxidize carbon make a new carbon-carbon bond. reduce carbon 5. True or False Succinate dehydrogenase performs an oxidative decarboxylation reaction. In the Krebs cycle,…5. Which of the following enzymes is NOT used when fructose is metabolized to pyruvate in the liver? a. triose phosphate isomerase b. glyceraldehyde-3-phospate dehydrogenase c. glucokinase d. phosphofructokinase-1 e. pyruvate kinase1.Enumerate the enzymes of the alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and write its mechanism of action