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Description: 1)A. how do you read a sequence of DNA (template or non-template strand) to convert itan mRNA sequence and to a protein?B.How does chromatin remodeling regulate gene transcription?C. What are the major differences between gene expression in bacteria

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Biology

1)A. how do you read a sequence of DNA (template or non-template strand) to convert it an mRNA sequence and to a protein

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter14: Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYU: Through alternative splicing, eukaryotes (a) reinforce gene inactivation (b) prevent transcription...

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a. How can a single eukaryotic gene give rise to several different types of mRNA molecules?b. Excluding the possible rare polycistronic message,how can a single mRNA molecule in a eukaryoticcell produce proteins with different activities?
a. How do bacteria increase the efficiency of gene expression? Is this possible in eukaryotes? b. A mutation in the promoter of Gene K disrupts an enzyme binding site and results in the loss of Gene K expression. Is this change in gene expression likely happening at the transcriptional or the translational level? Explain. c. Propose three different mutations to prevent initiation, elongation, and termination of bacterial transcription, respectively. Explain how/why each mutation would prevent its respective step. (Hint: mutations can be in genes that encode proteins or regulatory DNA sequences)
1. Transcription: a)State the role of RNA polymerase in gene transcription.b. Explain why the DNA is not used directly for protein translation (i.e., why is mRNA used instead?).c. Explain what occurs when a gene’s promoter region is open for RNA polymerase binding.d. Explain what occurs when a gene’s promoter regions is blocked from binding RNA polymerase.e. Explain how two cells, such as liver cells and skin cells, can become specialized in structure and function despite containing the same genome.
19. In eukaryotic gene expression, non-coding RNAS such as miRNA (microRNA) have an important role in gene regulation. That role is to ... A) bind to target mRNA to prevent translation B) bind to target mRNA to prevent transcription C) block RNA polymerase from reaching the promoter D) increase levels of chromatin packing
Consider this list (below) of steps involved in transcription. These steps are out of order. TRANSCRIPTION: 1. mRNA travels through a nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm 2. the mRNA polymerase attaches at the start of a specific gene 3. RNA polymerase reads the gene surface4. a transcription factor bonds to a promoter site5. DNA molecule is unwound 6. a complimentary mRNA is produced What is the correct order of this transcription?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the structure of chromatin around the promoter of an active eukaryotic gene? O A. It is in the form of heterochromatin and the nucleosomes are tightly wrapped. O B. It is in the form of euchromatin and the nucleosomes are cleared from the region allowing for an open and accessible configuration OC.A repressor protein is bound to the chromatin blocking RNA polymerase. O D.Both B and C.
There are similarities and differences during regulation of gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Promoters, transcription factors and RNA polymerase are essential elements in transcription but their properties and function may differ.a) Predict the outcome or consequences of mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II in eukaryote without the presence of transcription factors (TF).
A) List the steps for gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. B) Relate the differences in gene expression between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in gene expression regulation and explain what causes those differences.
Give one example of a prokaryotic system of gene expression that is more complicated (duringtranscription at the promoter) than its corresponding eukaryotic system of gene expression.A. prokaryotes require general transcription factors to initiate transcriptionB. prokaryotes typically have activator and repressor DNA sequences thousands of nucleotides awayC. prokaryotes have three classes of RNA polymerasesD. prokaryotes always have their DNA tightly packed into higher-level structures than nucleosomesE. prokaryotes usually have polycistronic mRNA
Below is a graphical representation of eukaryotic precursor mRNA. A. Outline each modification that must happen to get a mature m-RNA. B. How does the absence of introns in prokaryotic genes affect prokaryotic gene expression? C. How will gene expression be affected if all of the spliceosomes are removed from the bacteria sample? Explain.
III. Discuss the following aspects of translation: 1. How does the location and timing of transcription/translation differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? 2. How do the types of ribosomes differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? 3. How does the first amino acid of the translated protein differ between bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?
III.ii-Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Esiankiki: My mom told me that in the case of lactase persistence, it turns out that the persistence is caused by continued expression of the lactase RNA. Xiao-Ma: That's so interesting! Here are some more notes from my biology class. I wonder how the lactase RNA can be expressed in some adults but not in others? Activators bind to genes at enhancer sequences and increase transcription. ACTIVATORS ACTIVATOR COACTIVATORS ENHANCER ACTIVATOR ATA BINDING TATA BOX coactivators function as adaptors and integrate signals from activators and repressors and relay the information to the basal transcription factors. Repressors bind to genes at silencer sequences and decrease transcription. CORE PROMOTER- REPRESSOR POLYMERASE BASAL FACTORS CODING REGION Basal transcription fac- tors and RNA polymerase bind to the core promoter of genes and are required for transcription. Figure 5. Transcription in eukaryotes. - The expression of RNA in eukaryotes is initiated by…