16.12. Two consumers, Ron and David, together own 1,000 baseball cards and 5,000 Pokémon cards. Let xR denote the quantity of baseball cards owned by Ron and yR denote the quantity of Pokémon cards owned by Ron. Similarly, let xD denote the quantity of baseball cards owned by David and yD denote the quantity of Pokémon cards owned by David. Suppose, further, that for Ron, MRSRy = yR/XR, while for David, MRS"1y = yD/2xD. Finally, suppose xR = 800, yR = 800, xD = 200, and yD = 4,200. a) Draw an Edgeworth box that shows the set of feasible allocations in this simple economy. b) Show that the current allocation of cards is not economically efficient. c) Identify a trade of cards between David and Ron that makes both better off. (Note: There are many possible answers to this problem.)
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- Explain the difference between a positive and a negative network externality. A network externality for a good is positive if O A. the substitution effect of a price change is larger than the income effect, but a network externality is negative if the income effect is larger than the substitution effect. B. consumption by others decreases a typical consumer's marginal utility from consuming the good, but a network extemality is negative if consumption by others increases a typical consumer's marginal utility from the good. c. the price is lower the more people own it, but a network externality is negative if the price is lower the fewer people own it. D. the quantity demanded is higher the more people own it, but a network externality is negative if the quantity demanded is lower the more people own it. O E. it has a complement, but a network effect is negative if it has a substitute. Give an example of each. An example of a positive network externality is the dermand for A. a work of…Consider a town with a single street of 1 km long with 3,000 people spread uniformly along it. Two stores, 1 and 2, are located at the opposite ends of the street and sell the same product (store 1 is locatedattheleftend).Thecostofwalkingist1 =$6perkmtostore1andt2 =$9perkmtostore2for each consumer. The net utility of a consumer located at point x from buying a product at store 1 is U1(x) = 100 – p1 – t1x, where pi is a price of the product at store i = 1,2. The net utility from buying at store 2 is U2(x) = 100 – p2 – t2(1 – x). The average cost of the product for each store is c = 4. (a) Assume that all consumers buy product from the sellers. Find the demand functions Di(p1,p2) and the profit functions πi(p1,p2) for each store i = 1,2 as functions of prices p1,p2.(b) Find the equilibrium prices.5. 24.A large Coca-Cola vendor recently hired some economic analysts to assess the effect of a price increase in its 16-ounce bottles from $1.00 to $2.00. The analysts determined that, on average, the vendor's customers spend about $15.00 on soda (Coke and all other brands) each week, and the average price for other 16- ounce soda bottles is $1.00. The analysts also utilized some focus groups to determine the preferences of the vendor's customers. They used this analysis to build the following graph: Bottles of Budget line with price of $1.00 Other Soda Budget line with price of $2.00 Bottles of Coke Suppose Xo = 9 and X1 = 7. Should the vendor expect to sell 7, more than 7, or less than 7 bottles of Coke after raising the price to $2.00 if Coke is a normal good?
- T Suppose your classmate Gilberto offers you a wager: He will choose a playing card at random from a deck and pay you $1,000 if it is red, but you have to pay him $1,000 if it is black. Assume your wealth is currently $3,000. The graph shown below plots your utility as a function of wealth. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. 100 ips ips 88888 UTILITY (Units of utility) + + 2 3 WEALTH (Thousands of dollars) + (? The shape of your utility function implies that you are a the difference in utility between C and A is individual, and, therefore, you rence between A and B. risk-friendly accept the wager because Which of the following sentences most appropriately des risk-averse pain of losing $1,000 is greater than the joy of winning $1,000 for individuals who are risk averse? Check all that apply. The more wealth that risk-averse people have, the more satisfaction they receive from an additional dollar. The more wealth that risk-averse people have, the less satisfaction they…Suppose that income causes health in the following specific manner: h = 2.25y and that health aids income as follows: y = 6 + 3h Based on this information, answer the following: a. Graph the two functions on the (y, h) graph and show the equilibrium (y on the x axis and h on the y axis). b. Derive the equilibrium pair (y*, h*) and show on the graph above. 7 c Now suppose that access to health is segmented by income in this country so that: h= 2 + .25y for all y 50 Derive the new equilibrium and redraw the graphs again in the (y, h) space and depict the old and new equilibria.In 2005, suppose a typical U.S. owner of a home theater (a television and a DVD player) bought 16 music CDs (9₁) per year and 18 top-20 movie DVDs (9₂) per year. The average price of a CD was about p₁ = $15, the average price of a DVD was roughly p2 = $20, and the typical consumer spent $600 on these entertainment goods. We'll call this typical consumer Barbara. We estimate her Cobb-Douglas utility function as 9₂ 10.49₂ 0.6 U(91, 92) = 91 Use the 3-point curved line drawing tool to draw Barbara's annual demand curve for CDs, using prices of $15, $30, and $60 as your control points. Carefully follow the instructions above, and only draw the required object. (...) p, price per CD 70- 65- 60- 55- 50- 45- 40+ 35- 30- 25- 20- 15- 10- 5- 0- 0 10 12 Quantity, CDs per year 8 14 16 18
- In 2010 the government’s main medical adviser drew up plans for a minimum price foralcohol intended to double the cost of some drinks.Under the proposal no drinks could be sold for less than 50 pence per unit of alcohol theycontain. This would mean most bottles of wine could not be sold for under £4.50. Theproposal is aimed at reducing alcohol abuse. A spokesman for an opposition party saidthat it was more important to deal with peoples’ attitudes and not just the price of alcohol.The Portman Group, set up by drinks manufacturers to promote sensible drinking, arguesthat it would damage the majority of drinkers who behave responsibly in terms of theirconsumption.The NHS bill for alcohol abuse is an estimated £2.7bn a year. Recent figures showhospital admissions linked to alcohol use have more than doubled in England since 1995.Alcohol was the main or secondary cause of 207,800 NHS admissions in 2006/7,compared to 93,500 in 1995/96. The number of alcohol-related deaths in England…11:40 + MNGT. 112N 1T... 4. The demand for good X is given by 1 Od = 6,000 – -- р, — Р, + 9P, + -M 10 Research shows that the prices of related goods are given by P, = $6,500 and P, = $100, while the average income of individuals consuming this product is M = $70,000. a. Indicate whether goods Y and Z are substitutes or complements for good X. b. Is X an inferior or a normal good? c. How many units of good X will be purchased when P, = $5,230? d. Determine the demand function and inverse demand function for good X. Graph the demand curve for good X. 5. The demand curve for product X is given by O = 300 – 2P,. a. Find the inverse demand curve. b. How much consumer surplus do consumers receive when P, = $45? c. How much consumer surplus do consumers receive when P, = $30? d. In general, what happens to the level of consumer surplus as the price of a good falls?Define the Various Mathematical Implications of Homoskedasticity?
- The government of the island nation of Autarka has become increasingly concerned aboutthe health and wellbeing of low income households. Medical experts stress the importanceof a healthy diet in this regard. They have determined that, ideally, a household wouldconsume at least 5kg of fresh fruit and vegetables each week.The government has proposed implementing a new voucher scheme to ensure that the5kg per week consumption target is met. Under the government’s proposal, the voucherswould be redeemable for fresh fruit and vegetables, but could not be used for other typesof food, or for non-food consumption. Moreover, to limit the cost of the voucher scheme,the value of the vouchers sent to a household would be linked to the household’s income.Community groups in Autarka have expressed concern that a voucher scheme is unnec-essarily paternalistic; depriving low income households of the choice of how to spend theirincome. These groups argue that the government’s consumption targets could…48 aces How big would that budget have to be before he would spend a dollar buying a first cup of coffee? Instructions: Enter your answer as a whole number. here to search Suppose that Omar's marginal utility for each additional cup of coffee is 2.5 utils per cup no matter how many cups he drinks. On the other hand, his marginal utility per doughnut is 10 for the first doughnut he eats, 9 for the second he eats, 8 for the third he eats, and so on (that is, declining by 1 util per additional doughnut). In addition, suppose that coffee costs $1 per cup, doughnuts cost $1 each, and Omar has a budget that he can spend only on doughnuts, coffee, or both. O Saved II Help 4 SawIn an article on how exercise improves health, the New York Times reported on an observational study that found that each hour spent running added two hours to a person's life expectancy [Brody. 20061 A week later, a letter to the editor questioned whether the results really proved anything about the impact of exercise on health, and suggested that the study could just as well be showing that "those with a strong heart and good health are otherwise more likely to enjoy running and do it more regularly." How does this challenge to the exercise study relate to the problems faced by economists trying to &slims the causal effects of economic policy? How could you design an experimental study to estimate the impact of running on life expectancy?