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- A 75-kg sprinter accelerates from rest to a speed of 11.0 m/s in 5.0 s. (a) Calculate the mechanical work done by the sprinter during this time. (b) Calculate the average power the sprinter must generate. (c) If the sprinter converts food energy to mechanical energy with an efficiency of 25%, at what average rate is he burning Calories? (d) What happens to the other 75% of the food energy being used?What is the net work output of a heat engine that follows path ABBA in the figure above, with a straight line from B to D? Why is the work output less than for path ABCDA? Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem Solving Strategies for Thermodynamics.Question: 1. Suppose that the elevator is broken in the building n which you work and you have to climb 9 stories. -a height of 45m above ground level. How many extra calories will this external work cost you if your mass is 70 kg and your body work at 15% efficiency? 2. A 70 kg hiker climbed a mountain 1000 m high. He reached the peak in 3 hr. A. Calculate the external work done by the climber. B. Assuming the work was done at a steady rate during the 3 hr period. Calculate the power generated durir the climb. C. Assuming the average O, consumption during he climb was 2 liters/min (corresponding to 9.6 kcal/min), find the efficiency of the hiker's body. D. How much energy appeared as heat in the body?
- 8. A heat engine with an efficiency of 40% takesin 600 J of heat from the high-temperaturereservoir in each cycle.a. How much work does the engine do in eachcycle?b. How much heat is released to the low temperature reservoir?1. At the end of a 15-min session on a stationary bike at the gym, the bike's display indicates that you have delivered 180 kJ of energy to the bike in form of work. Your heart monitor shows that you have burned-off 180 food calories. (a) How much energy has your body exchange with the surroundings? Think & Prepare 1. First identify the system and the surroundings. 2. Identify what quantities in the problem represent AE int Q and T along with their signs. 3. 1 food calorie = 1 kcal = 4 186 kJ kJ (Enter using the appropriate sign) (b) What physics law did you use in this problem? O Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics O First Law of Thermodynamics O Second Law of Thermodynamics7. Write the formula for the computation of work if it is isobaric. 8. If the gas (system) is expanding, is the work positive or negative? 9. If heat is absorbed by the system, is q positive? 10. What is the conversion factor between Latm and joule?
- 1. The formula for work in thermodynamics is given by PV = W. Suppose that at any pressure, P = h(V + V,") where V is the volume and V, is the initial volume. h and V, are constants. If work is to be maximized, what is the correct expression of maximum work in terms of constants? A. -1/2V. B. -h/2V. C. A(V, + 1)/4V, D. -h/4 E. None of these. A B.600 J of work are done on a system in a process that decreases the system's thermal energy by 400 J. Match the answers with questions. v W- work done on the system A. 400 J v Q- Heat into or out of the system B. -200 J v AEth - Change in thermal energy of the system C. 1000 J D. -400 J E. -1000 J F. -600 J G. 200 J H. O J 1. 600 JHeating The amount of chemical potential energy stored in one gallon of heating oil is approximately 130 MJ. This is the amount of energy released as heat during combustion. (Note: 1.0 kWh = 3600 kW-sec = 3600 kJ = 3.6 MJ. Verify this equivalency and use it to answer the following question.) a. Suppose that during the winter, heating your home with oil may require an average of 6 gallons of oil per day. Assuming that to be the case, what is the average daily energy consumption? (Express your answer in kWh.) b. If the cost of heating oil is $3.00/gallon, what is the daily cost to heat your home? Use this information to find the cost of heating with oil in units of cents/kWh.
- A high-speed swimmer uses 120,000 � of energy in a half-minute race. Three quarters of the energy iswasted through heat flow; the rest is dissipated by his hands and legs, by mechanical work.a. In 30 �, he swims 50 �. Estimate the average force opposing his motion.b. Describe the changes of form of energy in the swimming.c. Where and in what form is the energy that had been released when he has finished theracecan you please state the correct and incorrect statements based on its topic. General Energy Equation I. Potential Energy & Kinetic Energy are always zero. II. Heat and Work are moving forms of energy. They are not properties of a substance. III. The difference of Enthalpy & Internal Energy is the Flow Energy.ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: 1. Why is it impossible for a totally isolated system to exist in nature? Explain briefly. 2. What is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of a system? 3. The living cell exhibits thermodynamic equilibrium. True or False? Why?