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- An open-economy is characterized by the following: C = 750 +0.8 (Y-T) $$1-1500$$ G = 250 T = 200 X = 800 M = 0.4YFigure 8-23. The figure represents the relationship between the size of a tax and the tax revenue raised by that tax. 6 on4m21 3 Tax Revenue B Tax Size Refer to Figure 8-23. If the economy is at point A on the curve, then a small increase in the tax rate will O increase the deadweight loss of the tax and increase tax revenue. O increase the deadweight loss of the tax and decrease tax revenue. decrease the deadweight loss of the tax and increase tax revenue. O decrease the deadweight loss of the tax and decrease tax revenue.1. The government expenditure multiplier is the effect of a change in government expenditure (G) on goods and services: a. An increase in aggregate expenditure increases aggregate demand (AD), which increases real GDP, which induces an increase in consumption expenditure (C), and which further increases aggregate demand (AD). b. An increase in aggregate expenditure increases aggregate supply (AS), which increases real GDP, which induces an increase in consumption expenditure (C), and which further increases aggregate supply (AS). c. An increase in aggregate expenditure decreases aggregate demand (AD), which decreases real GDP, which induces an decrease in consumption expenditure (C), and which further decreases aggregate demand (AD). d. An increase in aggregate expenditure decreases aggregate supply (AS), which decreases real GDP, which induces an decrease in consumption expenditure (C), and which further decreases aggregate supply (AS). 2. How do banks create money? Group of…
- 6. Explain how built-in (or automatic) stabilizers work. What are the differences between proportional, progressive, and regressive tax systems as they relate to an economy's built-in stability? In a phrase, “net tax revenues vary directly with GDP." When GDP is rising so are tax collections, both income taxes and sales taxes. At the same time, government payouts-transfer payments such as unemployment compensation, and welfare-are ( increasing, decreasing). Since net taxes are taxes less transfer payments, net taxes definitely (rise, fall) with GDP, which dampens the rise in GDP. (Note: Net Taxes = Taxes – Transfer Payments) On the other hand, when GDP drops in a recession, tax collections slow down or actually diminish while transfer payments ( rise, fall ) quickly. Thus, net taxes ( increase, decrease ) along with GDP drops, which softens the decline in GDP. A ( progressive, proportional, regressive ) tax system would have the most stabilizing effect of the three tax systems and the…When governments run budget surpluses, what is done with the extra funds?Suppose that gifts were taxed at a rate of 10 for amounts up to 100,000 and 20 for anything over that amount. Would this tax be regressive or progressive?
- 4. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Suppose there is some hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.80 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.20. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is and the spending multiplier for this economy is " Suppose the government in this economy decides to decrease government purchases by $300 billion. The decrease in government spending will lead to a decrease in income, creating an initial change in consumption equal to . This decreases income yet again, leading to a second change in consumption equal to The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD₁) for this economy before the change in government spending. Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD₂) after the multiplier effect takes place. For simplicity, assume that there is no…2. Discretionary fiscal policy Suppose the economy had been producing at potential output but is now producing above it. Which of the following are discretionary fiscal policies that could bring the economy closer to potential output? Check all that apply. ооо Additional spending on bridge repairs A reduction in spending on new road construction A tax cut A tax increase In the preceding scenario, is the discretionary fiscal policy needed to bring the economy closer to potential output an example of expansionary fiscal policy or contractionary fiscal policy? Expansionary Contractionary4. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Suppose there is some hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.80 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.20. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is 0.8 and the spending multiplier for this economy is 5 Suppose the government in this economy decides to decrease government purchases by $400 billion. The decrease in government spending will lead to a decrease in income, creating an initial change in consumption equal to This decreases income yet again, leading to a second change in consumption equal to The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD) for this economy before the change in government spending Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD) after the multiplier effect takes place. For simplicity, assume that there is no…
- 5. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases9. Make a graph showing the spending and tax revenue of your state government for as many years as you can find (use the government of your home country if you are not from the United States). What trends do you notice? What spending categories make up the largest share of the state budget? What are the largest sources of revenue? e6. Which of the following is not a fiscal instrument: * O Budget O Public expenditure Taxation All are fiscal instruments TOSHIBA