10. Protein expression can be blocked by antisense oligonucleotides. Which mechanism enables antisense oligonucleotides to block protein synthesis?
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- 1d. The csRH mRNA and protein are represented in the diagram below. MRNA 5' AUG 3' ribosome protein signal kinase transmembrane ligand binding domain DNA binding domain sequence domain domain cytoplasm plasma membrane extracellular fluid i. In the boxes on the image, label the N and C termini of the csRH protein. of the csRH protein must be cleaved off before it can be ii. The trafficked along the to the cell membrane. iii. On the schematic above, draw the csRH protein as you would find it at the plasma membrane. Be sure to label the N and C termini of the protein you draw to indicate its orientation. iv. Which protein domains would you NOT expect to find as part of the intracellular hormone H receptor protein icRH?3. Coronaviruses express a nucleocapsid protein that is needed for propagation, transcription, and assembly of the virus. The nucleocapsid protein must be phosphorylated by a kinase in the host cell to carry out these functions. One such kinase that has been recently reported is glycogen synthase kinase 3 or GSK-3. The following is the 10-letter sequence of the nucleocapsid protein that is recognized and phosphorylated by GSK-3: SSRGTSPARM. Note: pk. N-terminus = 9.3; pk. R = 12.5; pK. T= 13; pK. S= 13; pK. C-terminus = 4.3 a) What is the sequence of the peptide using the three-letter amino acid abbreviations? b) Draw the chemical structure of the peptide when it is at pH 8. Assign charges and label the peptide bonds. c) What is the pl of the peptide? Do not use an online resource to calculate this value. Show your work to receive credit.1. Zinc finger nuclease is a Gene editing tool: which uses a site-specific endonucleases containing a DNA-cleavage domain and a modular DNA-binding domain RNA-guided endonucleases programmable nucleases Exonuclease 2. Lipoplexes trapped in endosomes prevent destruction by lysosomes due to the inclusion within the liposomes of electrically neutral lipids inclusion within the liposomes of electrically charged lipids Lysosomes do not recognize them as foreign pH
- Which of the following statements is false? a. GTP is an energy source during various stages of translation. b. In the ribosome, peptidyl transferase catalyzes peptide bondformation between amino acids. c. When the mRNA code UAA reaches the ribosome, there isno tRNA to bind to it. d. A long polypeptide is cut off the tRNA in the A site so its Metamino acid links to the amino acid in the P site. e. Forty-two amino acids of a protein are encoded by 126nucleotides of the mRNA.What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface receptors from entering the cell? The molecules bind to the extracellular domain. The molecules are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate the hydrophobic inferior of the plasma membrane. The molecules are attached to transport proteins that deliver them through the bloodstream to target cells. The ligands are able to penetrate the membrane and directly influence gene expression upon receptor binding.The binding of _____ is required for transcription to start. a protein DNA polymerase RNA polymerase a transcription factor
- 6. Similar to the class notes (Intro to Genetics), a segment of DNA (shown below) contains a promoter segment (the first 9 base pairs), a ribosome binding segment (the next 6 base pairs), and a segment that codes for protein synthesis which is started by the rest of the base pairs. ACTCCATTGAACCATTTCTATGATCCGCTAACG-... TGAGGTAACTTGGTAAAGATACTAGGCGATTGC-... A. When the DNA is induced to be copied to mRNA, the top strand is coding, meaning that the mRNA makes an identical copy of the lower strand (replacing T with U) The mRNA copy starts with the ribosome binding sequence. What is the sequence of the mRNA that will go to the ribosomes? B. What are the first 6 amino acids of the protein that are coded for by the mRNA? C. What would the amino acid sequence be if... i. a transition mutation occurred on the final G in the mRNA? ii. all of the G & C bases in the protein synthesis portion had transition mutations? iii. a point deletion mutation occurred in the ATA sequence (in the lower strand…II. Give the translation of the segment of a polypeptide chain below. Specify your template strand. GGG A- GG C TA GCTG ||||| ||||| || || | ||| || | -CC GAT C GACGA AGG AACCCCT-2. Which of the following is a true statement concerning condons? Condon specifies one amino acid is found in all eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes will be read by RNA polymerase during transcription is composed of two nucleotides is comprosed of three amino acids
- The amount of this in the cell rises as DNA synthesis begins. Cis-acting element that can increase transcription at a distant promoter. Encoded by, and required to propagate, Long INterspersed Element transposons. 1. steroid hormone The amount of this in the cell falls rapidly as DNA 2. steroid hormone receptor synthesis begins. Upon binding its ligand, it 3. DNA methyltransferase dimerizes and binds to a specific DNA sequence. 4. Adenosine deaminase Covalently modifies other proteins during a specific 5. Peptide hormone phase of the cell cycle. Regulatory signal that 6. Histone acetyltransferase binds to the extracellular domain of a receptor 7. Enhancer protein. 8. Recognizes and cuts a pair Reverse transcriptase of short inverted repeats in DNA. 9. Transposase Passes unassisted through membranes to bind to its target protein, which then activates gene expression. Base-modifying enzyme that changes the pairing properties of its substrate. Decondenses chromatin by neutralizing the…Which of the following statement about RNA is FALSE? rRNA is critical for protein synthesis as it is translated into ribosome subunits A single RNA molecule may form double stranded structures. tRNA is critical for protein synthesis as it is translated into ribosome subunits. Both siRNA and miRNA target mRNA and regulate gene expression.A. In transcription, a region of DNA opens up. One strand, the template strand, serves as a template for synthesis of a complementary RNA transcript. The other strand, the coding strand, is identical to the RNA transcripf in sequence, except that it has uracil (U) bases in place of thymine (T) bases. Given the following piece of messenger RNA (MRNA): CCUGCAGUAUGAAACGCCUGGUAGAAGGUGGGAAGUGGUGCGCC... Answer the following questions. 1. List the complementary non-coding DNA sequence. This refers to the template strand. (Please insert a space every after three letters for easy checking of your papers. Thank you.) 2. List the DNA strand sequence complementary to the template strand. This refers to the coding strand. (Please insert a space every after three letters for easy checking of your papers. Thank you.) 3. List the amino acid sequence of the protein coded for. (Please insert a space every after one amino acid for easy checking of your papers. Thank you.)