1

Q: What vectors can be used for cloning?

A: Introduction: Vectors are the molecular vehicles used for the transfer of genes of interest into the...

Q: Give one (1) alternative testing method for one (1) of the ten parameters tested in a urine reagent ...

A: Introduction A dipstick test is a diagnostic examination to determine the various components by urin...

Q: Make a flow chart of kreb cycle write down each and every step and enzymes involved

A: Krebs's cycle is also known as tricarboxylic acid cycle or citric acid cycle. It is the main pathway...

Q: For tha analysis of a specific drug present in different pharmaceutical preparations, explain when i...

A: An assay is suggested as an investigative or analytic procedure. It is used for assessing qualitativ...

Q: Lipoproteins are proteins that can help form our fat carrying Chylomicrons; however they also help f...

A: Lipoproteins serve as agents that are used for distributing hydrophobic fats in water such as blood ...

Q: What would be the effect on plants if photorespiration did not exist?

A: Photorespiration is a process taking place in plants in which some of the energy produced by the pla...

Q: Draw the structure of the omega-6 fatty acid 16:1.

A: Omega 6 fatty acids are unsaturated fats which are found in vegetable oils, sunflower oils, soybean ...

Q: What are the disadvantages of using the mouth in filling a pipette? Why do we use exponential notati...

A: Introduction: 1. A Pipette is widely used in biochemistry labs as well as in other biology labs, the...

Q: Define the following terms:a. tmRNAb. SECIS elementc. initiationd. elongatione. termination

A: Note: Since you have posted a question with multiple subparts, we will solve the first three subpart...

Q: Calculate the dynamic programming matrix and the optimal local and global alignment for the DNA sequ...

A: a: GAATTC b: GATTA Scoring:- +2 for a match -1 for a mismatch -2 L for linear gap

Q: There are six major groups of enzymes. The categories are based on the types of reactions that they ...

A: Enzymes are the biological molecules that increase the rate of reaction by acting as a catalyst of t...

Q: Why do deficiencies in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase frequently present as anemia?

A: Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) deficiency is a genetic abnormality that results in an inadequate amount o...

Q: In order to understand the relationship between enzyme structure and function, researchers often stu...

A: An amino acid is a molecule which contains 4 major groups- An acidic carboxyl group, a basic amino g...

Q: At which points do digested polysaccharides, proteins, and fatsenter the energy pathways?

A: Polysaccharides are broken down into respective monosaccharides like glucose during the process of d...

Q: Name two control mechanisms that play a role in glycogen biosynthesis. Give an example of each.

A: Glucose is broken down to generate energy in the body. Glucose is osmotic in nature as it is highly ...

Q: In at least some animal groups (for example, reptiles) asexual species tend to be over-represented o...

A: Introduction Geographic parthenogenesis is a term used in hypothesis to reflect the patterns where s...

Q: 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate lies in a central cavity within the hemoglobin tetramer, stabilizing the T s...

A: BPG is present in the RBCs of human beings and other species. It is a highly charged anion. In deoxy...

Q: What are statins? What is their pharmacological function?

A: Cholesterol plays a role in normal cell and boock bdy function. However, very high levels can lead t...

Q: What is the approximate molecular weight of a protein with 682 amino acid residues in a single polyp...

A: Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins/polypeptides. Amino acids are classified on the bas...

Q: Glycolysis yields an immediate net gain of _______molecules for the cell. (a) 1 ATP (b) 2 ATP (c) 4 ...

A: The metabolic pathway that is involved in the conversion of glucose, produced as a result of digesti...

Q: What is meant by general acid catalysis withrespect to enzyme mechanisms?

A: Enzymes are proteins that work as biological catalysts. These catalysts speed up the chemical reacti...

Q: Describe the function of telomere end-binding proteins.

A: A chromosome is a long, tightly coiled DNA molecule with part or all of an organism's genetic materi...

Q: The Payoff Phase of Glycolysis in Skeletal Muscle In the skeletal muscle, in anaerobic conditions, g...

A: Glucose is converted into pyruvate by a series of ten biochemical reactions. This biochemical proces...

Q: Does the oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and watertake place in one step or in several steps?

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, and a hydrogen ion. The fre...

Q: Why must cholesterol be packaged for transport rather than occurring freely in the bloodstream?

A: Cholesterol is a class of derived lipids made up of fused cyclohexane and cyclopentane rings which g...

Q: Why are different blood types present in the human population?

A: A blood type is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inheri...

Q: Catalytic mechanism of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Match the following coenzymes with the typ...

A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical...

Q: What step in the citric acid cycle in inhibited by fluorocitrate?

A: The citric acid cycle is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release sto...

Q: Question 21 (1 point) Based on what we learned, what is true about E. Coli DNA replication? The poly...

A: DNA replication is the process of synthesizing new DNA strand on a template DNA strand by the help o...

Q: Make a flow chart of glycolysis write down each and every step and enzymes involved

A: Glycolysis convert glucose into pyruvate or lactate with generation of energy. It occurs in all cell...

Q: Suggest a reason why rubisco might be the most abundant enzyme in the world.

A: Rubisco is the key enzyme responsible for photosynthetic carbon assimilation in catalysing the react...

Q: A friend who is enthusiastic about healthfoods and organic gardening asks you whether urea is “organ...

A: Urea is a compound that is released as an excretory product by humans in the urine. 

Q: Why is it necessary or advantageous for thebody to make inactive hormone precursors?

A: Hormones are the chemical substances that are required for the growth and functioning of the body. T...

Q: You are a teaching assistant in a general chemistry lab. The next experiment is to be an oxidation– ...

A: Iodometry also known as Iodometric titration is a method of volumetric analysis which is a redox tit...

Q: Describe some of the challenges associated with faithfully copying and maintaining the genome of an ...

A: Although the genetic variation is important for evolution, the survival of the individual demands ge...

Q: Explain why the ratio of motor neurons to muscle fibers isgreater in muscles that control eye moveme...

A: The muscle system is responsible for several functions such as maintaining body posture, locomotion,...

Q: Why is the electronic geometry of water molecule tetrahedral, but we describe the geometry as bent?

A: Introduction Tetrahedral geometry comprises one central atom with four components in the corners for...

Q: What happens to the half-life when a hormone binds to abinding protein? What kinds of hormones bind ...

A: Hormones are endocrine signaling molecules carried by the blood to tissues or organs of the body to ...

Q: What is the main structural difference between celluloseand starch?

A: There are four major types of macromolecules, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, fo...

Q: Write down the biochemical functions and pathophysiology of growth hormone?

A: Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration...

Q: Compare and contrast chlorine, combined chlorine and UV light as disinfectants using a graphic organ...

A: Disinfection of different surfaces and objects can be done by a wide range of methods which can be b...

Q: The clinical symptoms of two forms of galactosemia—deficiency of galactokinase or of UDPglucose: gal...

A: Galactosemia is a rare gentic metabolic disorder that affects an individual's ability to metabolize ...

Q: Triacylglycerol is the primary way that we store fat, once we have made our fatty acid chains we can...

A: Triacylglycerol synthesis mainly occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver cells. They also o...

Q: Describe the energy carrier molecules in cells and explain how they facilitate chemical reactions.

A: All the chemical reaction in the cell is performed with the help of high energy molecules. These are...

Q: Compare the G protein Gs, which acts in transducing the signal from β-adrenergic receptors, and the ...

A: The guanine nucleotide receptor proteins or the G-proteins are the group of proteins which act as tr...

Q: MicroRNAs play a role in physical nervedamage. What other neurological diseases are they associated ...

A: A microRNA is a small stranded non-coding RNA molecule found in plants, animals, and some viruses th...

Q: Which of the following molecules yields uric acid whendegraded?a. DNAb. FADc. CTPd. PRPPe. b-alanine...

A: Uric acid, a water-insoluble product is a nitrogenous waste in birds, reptiles, and insects where it...

Q: Describe the evidence that Watson and Crick used toconstruct their DNA model.

A: In early 1950s, Watson and Crick came up with their famous model of the DNA double helix. They were ...

Q: Fill in the blanks using the following words/acronyms: protons; Electron Transport Chain; oxygen; in...

A: The electron transport (ETC) chain is considered as the final pathway, which is involved in the prod...

Q: In C4 plants, CO2 is first converted to the _____________ ion, which is then incorporated into _____...

A: Introduction: The C4 plants are those which grow in the tropical regions. They are adapted for high ...

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.