1. Consider the following two player 2x2, normal form game: (Payoffs are starting from northwest and moving clockwise are (10,5), (2,30), (5,5), and (40,10). Player 1 strategies are A and B, Player 2 strategies are C and D. a) Identify all Nash equilibria in pure strategies.
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- 1. In the following payoff matrix, each firm has two possible strategies, and must move simultaneously. Assuming that each knows only its own payoff structure, what decision would each firm make? Is this a Nash equilibrium? Suppose each player can see the entire payoff structure instead of only its own. How would this affect Firm 2? Payoffs shown are (Firm 1, Firm 2): Firm 2 A B A 3, 1 2,0 Firm 1 B 2, 4 1,5Intel and AMD are the two dominant producers of microchip processors. The following matrix gives the payoffs (in millions of dollars) of the two firms for different combinations of their pricing strategies. The first number is Intel's payoff and the second AMD's. AMD Intel Low Price High Price Low Price 35, 30 30, 60 High Price 70,25 65,55 O If this game is played sequentially, the Nash equilibrium will not change irrespective of who moves first. If this one-shot game is repeated for 10 times, the Nash equilibrium is for both firms to choose High Price. O In this game, Pareto criterion leads both firms to choose High Price. This game is an example of coordination game.Consider the following 2-player normal form game. Player 2 Bananas Orange Player 1 Grapes 11, 3 8, 2 Apple 9, 7 6, 5 Player 1's dominant strategy is [Select ] and Player 2's dominant strategy is [ Select ) The Nash Equilibrium of this game is ( Select ) (select all that apply).
- Consider the following game: Mercedes-Benz and Honda are the only two firms in the market for automobiles. Each firm has two strategies: produce high-grade vehicles or produce low-grade vehicles. The first entry in the bracket is the payoffs (in $billion) of Mercedes-Benz and the second entry is the payoffs of Honda. (see the image) What is the dominant strategy of Mercedes-Benz and Honda? Also, what is the Nash equilibrium of this game?5. Consider the following Extended Form game where P1 stands for Player one and P2 stands for player two with A, B and A', B' being their respective strategies. A' (1,1) P2 B' (2,3) P1 A' B (4,5) P2 What is the set of Nash Equilibria? Clearly explain your answer. Full-screen Snip B' (6,7). Find the Nash equilibrium of the following modified Rock-Paper-Scissors game: • When rock (R) beats scissors (S), the winner’s payoff is 10 and the loser’s payoff is −10. • When paper (P) beats rock, the winner’s payoff is 5 and the loser’s payoff is −5. • When scissors beats paper, the winner’s payoff is 2 and the loser’s payoff is −2. • In case of ties, both players receive 0 payoff. You are suposed to create a system of equations and then solve for them and find 3 probabilities- please show how to do that
- 2- Consider the following game. Player 2 Player 1 U 12, 2 | 3, 9 5, 8 4, 2 D (a) Find all the Nash equilibria, pure and mixed. (b) Suppose that the payoff of the column player u:(D, L) is reduced from 8 to 6, but all other payoffs remain the same. Again, find all the pure- and mixed-strategy Nash equilibria. (c) Compare the mixed-strategy equilibria in parts (a) and (b). Did this worsening in one of player 2's payoffs change player 2's equilibrium mixed strategy? Did it change player l's? Give some intuition.Consider a two-player game in which the players take turns, with player 1 moving first. When it is a player's turn, she must announce a number between 1 and 3. The announced number is added to the previously announced numbers. The player who announces the number such that the sum of all announced numbers is 6 wins (receives 1) and the other loses (receives 0). Please indicate whether or not each of the following sequences of announcements is a Nash equilibrium of the game. Hint: Think about how one verifies whether or not a pair of strategies is a Nash equilibrium. P1 says 3, then P2 says 2, then P1 says 1 P1 says 1, then P2 says 3, then P1 says 2 P1 says 2, then P2 says 3, then P1 says 1 P1 says 3, then P2 says 1, then P1 says 2Use the following payoff matrix for a one-shot game to answer the accompanying questions. Player 2 Strategy X Y Player 1 A 50, 50 -110, 6 B 6, -110 26, 26 a. Determine the Nash equilibrium outcomes that arise if the players make decisions independently, simultaneously, and without any communication.check all that apply (26,26) (50,50) (-110,6) (6,-110) Which of these outcomes would you consider most likely?multiple choice 1 (-110,6) (50,50) (6,-110) (26,26) b. Suppose player 1 is permitted to “communicate” by uttering one syllable before the players simultaneously and independently make their decisions. What should player 1 utter?multiple choice 2 B A What outcome do you think would occur as a result?multiple choice 3 (26,26) (50,50) (-110,6) (6,-110) c. Suppose player 2 can choose its strategy before player 1, that player 1 observes player 2’s choice before making her decision, and that this move…
- Consider the following three-player game (player 3 chooses A or B, the payoffs are listed in order of the player numbers): Player 2 Player 2 L R U 2, 2,0 5,5, 5 U 4, 4, 1 4, 2, 8 Player 1 Player 1 D 8, 6, 8 0,7,4 D 0, 2,9 4, 2, 5 A 1. Find the pure-strategy Nash equilibria of this game. 2. Consider the two-period repeated game (the repeated game payoffs are simply the sums of the payoffs in the two periods). Find the subgame-perfect equilibria of the repeated game and list the set of payoffs.1. Two electricity firms compete in the same market and are deciding their level of advertising in order to increase customers and profits. The following matrix shows the profits (in millions) according to the strategy chosen: Firm 1 Strategies Low Advertising Aggressive Advertising Firm 2 Low Advertising 15, 15 20, -2 Aggressive Advertising -2, 20 5,5 a. Identify the one-shot Nash equilibrium. Comment. b. Suppose the players know this game will be repeated exactly 10 times. Can they achieve payoffs that are better than the one-shot Nash equilibrium? Explain. c. Suppose this game is infinitely repeated and the interest rate is 5%. Can the players achieve the collusive outcome? Explain.3. The following is an interpretation of the rivalry between the United States (USA) and the Soviet Ünion (USSR) during the cold war. Each side has the choice of two strategies: Aggressive and Restrained. The payoff table is given as follows: USSR Restrained Aggressiveness Restrained 4,3 1,4 USA Aggressiveness 3,1 2,2 a) Consider this game when the two countries move simultaneously. Find all pure strategy Nash equilibria. b) Next consider three alternative ways in which the game could be played with sequential moves: (i) The USA moves first and the USSR moves second. (i) the USSR moves first and the USA moves second. (i) The USSR moves first, and the USA moves second, but the USSR has a further move after the USA moves. For each case, draw the game tree and find the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium. c) What are the key strategic issues (commitment, credibility and so on) for the two countries. (Note: Be concise. Your answer should not exceed 300 words].