I. A student, half an hour after the dinner, containing about 150 g of carbohydrates,20 g of fat, and 40 g of protein, is sitting in a chair and reading.a) name the hormone level in blood that is elevated during resting;describe the steps of its synthesis, name the secretion stimuli and target tissues;b) present a diagram of the hormonal signal transduction to target cells;c) draw diagrams reflecting the student's metabolic changes of glucose and fatsin adipocytes;d) enumerate the regulatory enzymes of fatty acid synthesis from glucose thathave their activity and amount increased under the influence of the mentionedhormone.

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Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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1) Gross Anatomy and Basic Function of the Endocrine Glands a)Both the endocrine and nervous systems are major regulating systems of the body; however, the nervous system has been compared to a text message, and the endocrine system to mailing a letter. Briefly explain this comparison. b) Chemically, hormones belong chiefly to two molecular groups, the___ and the___ c) If hormones travel in the bloodstream, why don't all tissues respond to all hormones?
The classic steps for identifying an endocrine gland include wwww removing the suspected gland, replacing the hormone, and which wwm w other step? A) Imaging the suspected area B) Decreasing hormone levels C) Adding a different hormone with similar effects D) Creating a state of hormone excess
24. To be considered a target cell for a particular hormone, a cell must …. a) be experiencing a disruption in homeostasis. b) be the same cell type as the one that produced the hormone. c) be capable of producing that hormone. d) be located relatively close to the cells that produced the hormone. e) have receptors that recognize and bind to the hormone.
a) How does the body's hormonal response to short-term stress differ from the body's hormonal response to long-term stress? In your answer, provide the names of the hormones released, the glands from which they are released, and the effects on the body. b) Provide 2 reasons (as discussed in class) why long-term stress is harmful to our physical health.
Which of the following can regulate the release of hormone from an endocrine tissue? a) Non-hormonal substances in the blood b) Other hormones c) Negative feed-back mechanisms d) The nervous system
When there is an abnormality of the thyroid gland, a goiter can form. Choose the INCORRECT statement. A goiter: A) results from hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the follicles B) can occur when there is too much iodine in the diet. C) is an enlargement of the thyroid gland D) Occurs whenever there is excessive stimulation of the thyroid gland E) may or may not accompany hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
2. State which hormone is probably responsible for each physiological phenomenon described below and explain why. a) Blood glucose levels remained constant even though someone went 20 hours without eating or drinking. b) Heart rate and breathing rate increase when someone is awoken by a loud noise in the middle of the night. c) A grown man's jaw and forehead become thick and deformed.
Antagonistic Hormone a) Describe how glucagon and insulin function to regulate blood sugar levels. b) Explain why they are considered to be antagonistic hormones.
1)What tissue regulates both the adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis? Does this tissue regulate lots of physiological functions? Give a few examples. 2) All of the following are directly controlled by a hormonal stimulus from the hypothalamus EXCEPT… a)GH, Growth hormone b) FSH c) Oxytocin. d) TSH, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone 3) How would a tumor in cells that produce TSH affect levels of TSH in the blood? increase / decrease / normal 4) How would this affect hormone secretion by the target cells of TSH? increase / decrease / normal
Which of the following statements about the half-life of hormones is correct? a) Hormones with a short half-life are present in relatively constant amounts in the blood b) Hormones with a short half-life regulate slow functions c) Fat-soluble hormones usually have a relatively long half-life d) Fat-soluble hormone is rapidly broken down by enzymes in the blood circulation e) Water-soluble hormones usually bind to plasma proteins (transport proteins)
2. A) Differentiate, in terms of etiology, between primary versus secondary hormone disorders. B) Name three reasons why target cells apparently fail to respond to hormones.
Neuroendocrine glands are glands that are made up of both nervous tissue and endocrine tissue. This means that they can be directly stimulated by the nervous system to produce or release hormones. i) From what you have learned so far in the course, identify two endocrine glands that are considered to be neuroendocrine. Be specific. ii) Describe a situation/example for each, that demonstrates this function.

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