(1) T F Given a directed graph G and a vertex v in the graph, breath firstsearch (BFS) can be used to detect if v is part of a cycle in the graph.(2) T F Let P be a shortest path from some vertex s to some other vertex t ina directed graph. If the weight of each edge in the graph is decreased by one,then P will still be a shortest path from s to t.(3) T FedgeKruskal's algorithm is always correct even in graphs with negativeweights.(4) T FFor any flow network, there is only one unique way to assign flowvalue to the edges so as to achieve the maximum flow for the network.NP problems are those problems that cannot be solved in polynomial(5) T Ftime.

Answered: (1) T F Given a directed graph G and a…

(1) T F Given a directed graph G and a vertex v in the graph, breath first search (BFS) can be used to detect if v is part of a cycle in the graph.

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Part 2: Random GraphsA tournament T is a complete graph whose edges are all oriented. Given a completegraph on n vertices Kn, we can generate a random tournament by orienting each edgewith probability 12 in each direction.Recall that a Hamiltonian path is a path that visits every vertex exactly once. AHamiltonian path in a directed graph is a path that follows the orientations of thedirected edges (arcs) and visits every vertex exactly once. Some directed graphs havemany Hamiltonian paths.In this part, we give a probabilistic proof of the following theorem:Theorem 1. There is a tournament on n vertices with at least n!2n−1 Hamiltonian paths.For the set up, we will consider a complete graph Kn on n vertices and randomlyorient the edges as described above. A permutation i1i2 ...in of 1,2,...,n representsthe path i1 −i2 −···−in in Kn. We can make the path oriented by flipping a coin andorienting each edge left or right: i1 ←i2 →i3 ←···→in.(a) How many permutations of the vertices…
Write a pseudocode to find all pairs shortest paths using the technique used in Bellman-Ford's algorithm so that it will produce the same matrices like Floyd-Warshall algorithm produces. Also provide the algorithm to print the paths for a source vertex and a destination vertex. For the pseudocode consider the following definition of the graph - Given a weighted directed graph, G = (V, E) with a weight function wthat maps edges to real-valued weights. w(u, v) denotes the weight of an edge (u, v). Assume vertices are labeled using numbers from1 to n if there are n vertices.
Given a graph that is a tree (connected and acyclic). (I) Pick any vertex v.(II) Compute the shortest path from v to every other vertex. Let w be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance.(III) Compute the shortest path from w to every other vertex. Let x be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance. Consider the path p from w to x. Which of the following are truea. p is the longest path in the graphb. p is the shortest path in the graphc. p can be calculated in time linear in the number of edges/vertices
One can manually count path lengths in a graph using adjacency matrices. Using the simple example below, produces the following adjacency matrix: A B A 1 1 B 1 0 This matrix means that given two vertices A and B in the graph above, there is a connection from A back to itself, and a two-way connection from A to B. To count the number of paths of length one, or direct connections in the graph, all one must do is count the number of 1s in the graph, three in this case, represented in letter notation as AA, AB, and BA. AA means that the connection starts and ends at A, AB means it starts at A and ends at B, and so on. However, counting the number of two-hop paths is a little more involved. The possibilities are AAA, ABA, and BAB, AAB, and BAA, making a total of five 2-hop paths. The 3-hop paths starting from A would be AAAA, AAAB, AABA, ABAA, and ABAB. Starting from B, the 3-hop paths are BAAA, BAAB, and BABA. Altogether, that would be eight 3-hop paths within this graph. Write a program…
Given a graph that is a tree (connected and acyclic). (1) Pick any vertex v. (II) Compute the shortest path from v to every other vertex. Let w be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance. (III) Compute the shortest path from w to every other vertex. Let x be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance. Consider the path p from w to x. Which of the following are true a. p is the longest path in the graph b. p is the shortest path in the graph c. p can be calculated in time linear in the number of edges/vertices a,c a,b a,b,c b.c
| Find the strongly connected components of the following directed graph:
Use Best-first algorithm to find the path solution to the following graph and consider the values on edges are as h(n), where S is the start state and G is the goal state. A F B G C E -5-
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An undirected weighted graph G is given below Figure 16: An undirected weighted graph has 6 vertices, a through f, and 9 edges. Vertex d is on the left. Vertex f is above and to the right of vertex d. Vertex e is below and to the right of vertex f, but above vertex d. Vertex c is below and to the right of vertex e. Vertex a is above vertex e and to the right of vertex c. Vertex b is below and to the right of vertex a, but above vertex c. The edges between the vertices and their weight are as follows: d and f, 1; d and e, 4; f and e, 2; e and a, 2; f and a, 3; e and c, 5; c and a, 7; c and b, 5; and a and b, 6. (a) What is the minimum weight spanning tree for the weighted graph subject to the condition that edge {d, e} is in the spanning tree? (b) How would you generalize this idea? Suppose you are given a graph G and a particular edge {u, v} in the graph. How would you alter Prim’s algorithm to find the minimum spanning tree subject to the condition that {u, v} is in the tree?
Be G=(V, E)a connected graph and u, vEV. The distance Come in u and v, denoted by d(u, v), is the length of the shortest path between u'and v, Meanwhile he width from G, denoted as A(G), is the greatest distance between two of its vertices. a) Show that if A(G) 24 then A(G) <2. b) Show that if G has a cut vertex and A(G) = 2, then Ġhas a vertex with no neighbors.
A Hamiltonian path on a directed graph G = (V, E) is a path that visits each vertex in V exactly once. Consider the following variants on Hamiltonian path: (a) Give a polynomial-time algorithm to determine whether a directed graph G contains either a cycle or a Hamiltonian path (or both). Given a directed graph G, your algorithm should return true when a cycle or a Hamiltonian path or both and returns false otherwise. (b) Show that it is NP-hard to decide whether a directed graph G’ contains both a cycle and a Hamiltonian Path, by giving a reduction from the HAMILTONIAN PATH problem: given a graph G, decide whether it has a Hamiltonian path. (Recall that the HAMILTONIAN PATH problem is NP-complete.)
Statement 1: The Floyd Warshal's Algorithm can be used to also detect negative weight cycles in a graph. Statement II: The Bellman Ford Algorithm can be modified to detect all pairs shortest paths.