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1) Discuss recent findings on the effects of consumption of cholesterol and saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fats. Give examples of each type of fat.
2) We often think only of DNA and RNA as
3) Collagen is a very important structural protein in animals. Discuss the various parts of the body in which collagen is an important structural molecule and what its function is at each body location.
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- 2. After getting 300 g of carbohydrates with her meal, a student went to bed. What metabolic pathways of fatty acids have been activated in the liver about an hour after having a meal? For the answer: a) describe the glucose metabolism in the liver in this condition; b) name the metabolic pathway of fatty acids which has been activated; c) draw the scheme of this pathway and explain the fate of the end products of the pathway in the liver; d) explain the regulation of the pathway.Give a few food sources of each type of fat: saturated, trans, PUFA, and MUFA. Describe the difference between an EAR, RDA, and AI. Know the AMDR and DRI for total fat and PUFAs. Know recommendations for saturated, trans, MUFAs, and cholesterol. Describe the importance of LA and ALA. Describe eicosanoids and give examples of functions in the human body. Give examples of traditional vs newer(ish) perspectives on fat in the diet and its impact on health. Describe typical recommendations and rationale behind a high-Fat vs a low-fat dietWhich of statement/s is/are true? Palmitoleic and oleic acids are unsaturated fatty acids Stearic and Linoleic acids are an 18 carbon fatty acid chain Linoleic and lauric acids are saturated fatty acids Palmitic and palmitoleic acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids A) All statements are correct B) Statement 1 and 2 are both correct C) Statement 3 and 4 are both correct D) All statements are incorrect Which statement is correct? A) Animal triacylglycerols are liquids while vegetable triacylglycerols are solid at ambient temperatures. B) Animal fats contain more unsaturated fatty acid units than saturated fatty acids. C) Melting points of animal fats are lower than the melting points of vegetable oils. D) Vegetable oils contain more unsaturated fatty acids units than saturated fatty acids. What makes lipids/fats hydrophobic? A) their long carbon skeleton B) the carboxyl group at one end of the molecule C) the glycerol moiety D) presence of relatively…
- Consider the fatty acid. Which of the designations are accurate for the fatty acid? 8,11-octadecadienoic acid 17:2(Δ8,11) ω‑6 fatty acid 18:2(Δ9,12) 18:2(Δ6,9)Define the following terms: a. respiratory control b. glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle c. uncoupling protein d. oligomycin e. malate–aspartateSelect all of the microbial enzymes that can form an ester bond. stomach (monogastric) small intestine large intestine abomasum reticulo-rumen liver pancreas volatile fatty acids hydrogen sink saturated fatty acids (SFA) unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) triacylglycerol (TAG) diacylglycerol (DAG) monoacylglycerol (MAG) phospholipid glycolipid microbial phospholipid (MPL) lingual lipase gastric lipase emulsification pancreatic lipase lipoprotein lipase colipase galactolipase lipase hydrogenase phospholipase bile acyl CoA synthetase lipoprotein B-48 chylomicron remnant chylomicron muscle cells adipose cells none of the above
- 1. With the prevalence in food of peeled cereals or bread made from high-grade flour, hypovitaminosis B1 may occur. Explain the role that vitamin B, plays in the body. For this: a) name the coenzyme which contains vitamin B, and enzymes, which require this cocnzyme to function; b) write the process in which these enzymes are involved and explain how the process speed will change with a lack of B,; d) what discase develops in the absence of vitamin B,.1. What is animal oil/fat used for?2. Why are animal fat not used in cooking?3. What is the difference between fats and oils?4. What are essential fatty acids? Give examples.5. What is the implication of inadequate essential fatty acids in a person’s diet?6. Explain the health risks and benefits of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans fat.Eicosanoids and endocannabinoids, which are hormone-like substances, are made from which fatty acid? ? a) kinetic acid b) oleic acid c) linolenic acid d) arachidonic acid Sphingomyelin differs from phosphatidyl choline in that: a) kinetic acid is absent in sphingomyelin b) sphingosine replaces glycerol in sphingomyelin c) sphingomyelin contains 2 choline molecules Which of these lipids contains no fatty acids? a) cerebrosides b) lecithin c) cholesterol d) plant oils Which of these is an ABC transporter? a) Na/K pump b) MDR protein c) Na/Ca antiporter d) Na/glucose symporter In an ion channel, the part of the channel protein which specifically binds to the ion is called: a) a voltage-gated channel b) a ligand-gated channel c) an antiporter d) a selectivity filter Symporters and antiporters may transport one chemical species against its concentration gradient. Energy for this is obtained from: a) ATP b) NADH via oxidative phosphorylation c)…
- 5. Consider the fatty acid. Which of the designations are accurate for the fatty acid? -O O A) B) C) D) E) none of the above 6. Which of the following is not a function of lipids? co-6 fatty acid -3 fatty acid 20:4 (A6,9,12,15) 4,7,10,13-nonadecatetraenoic acid A) energy storage B) membrane structure C) glucose oxidation D) signaling =Fatty acids are stored in adipose tissue, as triacylglycerol (TAG) forms. TAGs are degraded as glycerol and fatty acids where energy is required. Based on that knowledge explain: a) How these products are used in the adipose, liver, and other tissue? b)Why glycerol can not be metabolized in adipose tissue?Match the water soluble vitamin with its main function. coenzyme specifically with tryptophan metabolism, hemoglobin Choose... DNA, RNA, cell division Choose... thiamin, riboflavin, niacin vitamin C antioxidant, collagen synthesis, redox B12 Folate coenzyme B6 Choose... DNA, RNA, methionine metabolism >