Associate Level Material
Weathering Worksheet
Answer the lab questions for this week and summarize the lab experience using this form.
Carefully read Ch. 7 of Geoscience Laboratory.
Complete this week’s lab by filling in your responses to the questions from Geoscience Laboratory. Although you are only required to respond to the questions in this worksheet, you are encouraged to answer others from the text on your own.
Questions and charts are from Geoscience Laboratory, 5th ed. (p. 117-130), by T. Freeman, 2009, New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Reprinted with permission.
Lab Questions:
7.1 The nature of the boundary with bedrock serves to distinguish regolith from sediments. Describe the difference in the boundaries between
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(This topic is covered in the exercise Metamorphic Rocks on page 110.)
Coal is a sedimentary material the amount of pyrite in coal is related to the amount of disposal organic material that was compressed and formed
7.15 Dissolution of limestone is facilitated by a humid climate. What are the two things associated with humid climates that promote the dissolution of limestone? Hint: These two things, both of which can be easily observed from a car window, are illustrated in Figure 7.19.
H2o co2 and h2co3 help in the dissolution of limestone and which produces bi carbonate which helps in the forming of caves and landscapes.
7.18 How is it that a cave is born within the saturated zone, but then somehow finds its way into the unsaturated zone? Hint: The answer is evident in Figure 7.21.
Because the desolation and erosion depends the valley with time reducing the water table and allowing the water from the cave to diapate.
7.19 Agitation (as in shaking) liberates CO2 from soda pop. So what one or two actions of cave water do you think might be accompanied by agitation of the water? Hint: We’re looking for a simple cause of turbulence…as in the case of rain water.
The release or agitation of the water would release the co2 causing the water to rise and evaporate.
7.20 Name two uses of plants in addition to food. Hint: You can probably see both from your desk.
Provide oxygen and filter groundwater
7.22 Ref. Figure 7.24. Why the patchy occurrences of high rainfall
The research below is about erosion. The purpose of this research is to perform an experiment involving erosion. Erosion happens when earth is worn away, often because of ice, wind, or water. The way erosion happens is “fluid flow” and that is when water, air, and ice flow from point A to point B because of gravity. Weathering is also similar to erosion, but instead of wearing away earth, it is wearing away rock. Weathering is so strong, no rock is hard enough to protect itself from weathering. The process of erosion moves rock and earth from one place to another. Normally when erosion is in the form of ice that ice is a glacier.
Amec Foster Wheeler is a publicly traded company providing various services in markets such as Oil & Gas, Mining, Environment & Infrastructure and Clean Energy. The purpose of this report is to investigate and analyze stratigraphic units, geotechnical properties, identify the presence of weak clay layers in the Water Management Pond (WMP) site and how failures such as cracking can occur in embankment dams.
The vein extends below the hill summit to an unknown depth and can be traced horizontally across the landscape for at least a kilometre on either side of Windy Hill. The scope of this assignment is to identify and evaluate the environmental impacts of building a gold mining site in this area and how this might affect the local geology, landscape, ecology, hydrology, and overall biodiversity.
Two types of shallow aquifers are expected to be encountered in the area. Numerous authors (Trainer, 1978; Goff and Grigsby, 1982) cite that shallow aquifers will either be perched or confined. Perched aquifers occur as separate aquifer systems within the unsaturated zone. Confined aquifers, such as the Madera Limestone, are separated by impermeable lithologies like the Abo Formation,
We did resistivity survey in the Palisades Interstate Park Commission and it was in Alpine, New Jersey. Professor Patricia Kenyon was coordinate with us. Our purpose was to measure variations in the electrical resistivity of the ground, by applying small electric currents across arrays of ground electrodes. The survey data is processed to produce graphic depth sections of the thickness and resistivity of subsurface electrical layers.
Coal is an organic carbon rock derived from ancient lithified dead trees. In this state it is part of the geochemical cycle and the carbon is stored in the rock reservoir. CO_2 (g) is an atmospheric greenhouse gas with a molecular structure including more than 2 atoms, allowing it to absorb and re-emit infrared radiation though vibration of the chemical bonds holding the molecules together (Figure 5.6, BK1, pg 86).
Topography is possibly the first geological factor that would come to mind when discussing this topic, albeit not the only one, or arguably, not the most significant. A Maltman initially discusses how these physiographical factors affect the
Most site prospecting is based on GIS tools, however innovative technologies such as EGS offer new outlooks and require new considerations when classifying favourable areas. EGS is able to develop new reservoirs that otherwise could not be accessed by creating fractures in impermeable rock (Angelis-Dimakis et al., 2011). Although this technology has the potential to increase geothermal energy production significantly, it is controversial as it often involves hydraulic fracturing, thermal stimulation, and chemical stimulation, which have the potential to induce low magnitude earthquakes (Majer et al., 2007, Hofmann et al., 2014). Once permeability is increased, geothermal fluids are circulated through the reservoir; this circulation keeps
Figure 1. Sampling occurred at Carlingford lough (a), in the extensive mudflat area of Mill Bay (b), at three spatial scales delineated by differences in mean lag between samples (c). Green: samples collected at the smallest spatial scale (>1 and 10 and 100 but < 1000 m apart, n=4).
According to Dictionary.com , a cave is an underground hollow with access from the ground surface or fromthe sea, often found in limestone areas and on rocky coastlines. The way caves develop and form is called speleogenesis. Caves form when weathering of rocks, erosion, pressure, and chemical transactions takes place. Caves can take over thousands of years to form and age back to centuries ago. Most caves are usually found in limestone. Because of this, a lot of caves first start to form because it will rain and the water will seep into the surface, becoming slightly acidic as its progressing down. The acid is able to break down limestone and this continues for hundreds of years. The water makes the cracks in the surface much larger, exposing them to the air. The water starts to create formations in this new cave with the help of some other chemical reactions, thus constructing a cave.
Burckley R., & Ramsey, W. (1966).Modern Earth Science. Washington DC, USA: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc.
1, 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
Published by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying£ 280 Seneca Creek Road, Clemson, SC 29631 800-250-3196 www.ncees.org ©2008 by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying£. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-932613-37-7
because there is no more water there to fill the cavern and thus it caves in forming a
Tectonic geomorphology is defined as the study of landforms produced by tectonic processes, or the application of geomorphic principles to the solution of tectonic problems (Keller, E.A. and Pinter N. 1996). Geological structure plays a crucial role in determining a wide field of relief forms, even in areas where exogenetic factors are regarded as the dominant ones in the landscape (Ahnert 1998; Bloom 1998; Ritter et al. 2002). In recent years Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and Geographical Information System (GIS) technologies have been extensively used to determine the morphometric properties of tectonically active regions. In addition the use of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques to evaluate the tectonic formation of