Why The Cancer Experts Support Gene Testing To Diagnose Cancer

Genetic testing identifies changes in ones genes and chromosomes. These changes often lead to diagnoses of conditions, disorders, or diseases. Through testing, “one can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person’s chance of developing or

Today we live in a very technologically advanced society. Scientists are continually discovering new things about the world and the way things work. "In the 1980ís, it was becoming increasingly apparent to many scientists that an understanding of basic biology would be greatly enhanced if the detailed structure of DNA was understood" (Mehlman, 1998). Thus began what has become know as The Human Genome Project which is "the mapping of all our

It’s usually a force to be reckoned with, but when it comes to cancer, the immune system gets… let’s just say, confused.

Some would argue that genetic testing should not be a standard test because they don’t want to falsely worry about a genetic disorder, they may never materialize. There is a possibility that an individual after being tested will find out that they are not a candidate for a certain genetic disease, and it may actually be a source of relief. Depending on the outcome of the test, the individual will at least have an opportunity to prepare the next steps of their lives. Once you have a genetic test done, you will have the knowledge of whether or not you even have a genetic

Cancer is a collection of diseases that are caused by the division of abnormal cells that spread to other areas and tissues of the body, growing uncontrollably and forming a mass of tissue called a tumor. It is a genetic disease, causing changes to our genes to control the way cells function, grow, and divide, and can be inherited from our parents as well as resulting from environmental exposures such as UV rays, radiation, and smoking. While there are many successful treatments to help treat and cure different types of cancer, new forms of treatment known collectively as immunotherapy have been discovered to help battle the cancers that do not respond to typical cancer treatment, such as adoptive cell transfer or ACT. In the article Adoptive

Finding a way to restore the function of the Histocompatibility Complex genome so that it can activate antibodies such as β2-microglobulin (β2-m) to kill the tumour should be an area focused on because it can then be introduced into one infected Devil that can bite others and so the genome is passed on. (Siddle H et.al 2012)

The next goal was to find a molecule that could bind into a growth-factor receptor that was more common in cancer cells. This was done in 2001 and it had great success immediately; “Then just this year researchers at Sloan-Kettering showed that the drug could dramatically boost the effectiveness of standard colorectal-cancer chemotherapy, shrinking tumors in more than a fifth of otherwise hopeless cases.”[7] These discoveries paved the way for Gleevec to be made by rational drug design.

Second generation Antibody-drug conjugate consider as a new approach for treatments of TNBC. The main idea is to use an antibody and cytotoxic agents together to produce a synergistic effect and to ensure delivery of the cytotoxic agent to the target cell (6) Our main goal in this research is to develop a novel antibody based therapy against LRP8. We hypothesis that an anti-LRP8 antibody conjugated to cytotoxic drug will lead toward effective therapy for TNBC. We will perform experiments using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy to prove that LRP8 is suitable ADC target. Two main factors will contribute to whether it is suitable target:

Genetic screening is the testing of variations in gene sequences in protein or DNA. Protein screening is easier, but DNA screening is more powerful. It is a 'physical screening for a protein or genetic abnormality that may allow detection of a disorder before there are physical signs of it, or even before a gene is expressed if it acts later in life.' (web). This is a technique that is used on nonhuman species such as plants and some animals and is not questioned. The real question is if we should use it on humans.

Immunotherapy for cancer is basically the stimulation of the immune system through different substances such as vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, or cytokines. These substances work in different mechanisms. For example, monoclonal antibodies allow the immune system destroy the cancer cell by blocking the cancer cell pathway (PD-1) with PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies. They also carry drugs directly to cancer cells, or even let cancer cells to commit suicide (apoptosis), as soon as they bind to them. Similar to monoclonal antibodies, the immune system modulators, also called, non-specific immunotherapies, may also help the immune system get rid of cancer cells, by using proteins that normally help control, or in other words, "modulate", the immune

In relation to the positives and negatives of gene testing, there are strong arguments for both views. An argument presented for gene testing is the idea of risk evaluation, knowledge and even possible cures or treatment. This however is presented with the counter argument, as there are several ethical issues with genetic testing.

The successful mapping of the human genome is a huge step for science, but as every action has an equal and opposite reaction, every new scientific discovery brings with it equal amounts of benefit and detriment. With access to the human genome comes the ability to fight back against genes with life-altering capabilities. With this new power scientists have the ability to check the likelihood of someone to develop ailments such as cancer and heart disease. On the other hand, to be able to see these genes means to be able to distinguish desirable from undesirable, an action that can drastically affect the lives of others and maybe even the views of their societies.

Cancer is a heterogeneous complex disease, characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Cancer can be treated by the most common types of foundation therapies, such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Immunotherapy is a type of biological therapy that use the immune system to fight the cancer. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that made on the T cells with genetically modified are One type of immunotherapy, that is also known as “CAR T-cell therapy”.CARs can recognize and attach to a specific unprocessed antigen, or protein, on tumor cells. The manufacturing of CAR T-cells requires several mainly steps. First,extracting leukocytes in Blood samples that is taken from the patient. After that, reprogramming T cells typically

Despite the promise of such approaches, a number of difficulties remain to be overcome, the most important of which is the need for more efficient systems of gene delivery. No gene transfer system is 100% efficient, unless germ-line therapy is contemplated. During the past two decades, there have been major advances in our understanding of how cancer develops, proving that cancer has a genetic basis (2). A series of genetic abnormalities that accumulate in one cell may result in a pattern of abnormal clonal proliferation. Our growing understanding of the genetic basis of cancer offers new opportunities for the molecular prevention and treatment of cancer. There has been a

Genetic testing is the crystal ball of health predictions. Geneticist across the U.S have been quite successful of analyzing and assessing patients (human genome) that are the most reliable and beneficial resources for patients and physicians to review patients health in the near future. However, insurance are not likely to pay for additional testing, but pay for the basic panel of testing, which include BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 (breast cancer gene of its protein product). Physicians are known to test for additional gene panel to understand and retrieve information about the patient family and history of tumor and cancer. According to Holbrook (2013), “the use of genetic testing has spread from crime scenes and footballs and evolved from convicting and exonerating. It now allows a person to equip themselves with vital information about their bodies. They can find out whether they are more predisposed to certain health risk” (p.1). As genetic testing for disease has become more popular, many laws have aimed to prevent discrimination based off patients results of such tests that are being conducted in many geneticist and physicians clinic. Nevertheless, many individuals feel that, as this type of testing becomes more popular, regulators will be forced to do something to prevent discrimination in the disability, long-term care and life insurance sectors.