What Are Advancements In Surgical Treatments

The twentieth century has often been called the cancer century. This is because more than a hundred types of cancer have been discovered in this century, and secondly, because enormous medical efforts have been made to fight all kinds of cancer throughout the world. In the early decades of the twentieth century, cancer was considered to be a fatal disease. Although some cancers are still fatal, medical therapy has developed significantly over the years so that most cancers can be treated and cured. After decades of struggling to treat various cancers, doctors are now becoming more aware of the causes of these diseases, how they can be treated, and what can be done to prevent them.

It has targeted cells that work to kill and defend any pathogen or impurity that enters one’s body. In the case of cancers, a person’s cells grow abnormally forming a tumor. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells lose the ability to undergo apoptosis, cell death. Thus, one’s body harvests a tumor that most likely has a chance to spread and become deadly. Luckily, the biotech industry concocted innovative research that called for a new method of cancer treatment. Immunotherapy is designed to program one’s immune system to destroy and fight off the cancer. Originally, it has been mainly used for allergies. Dosages of medication or vaccinations are given to a patient to ensure that the immune system will not overreact to certain types of foreign substances. The therapy requires a drug that delivers an anticancer immune cell, specifically designed to attach on to the specific antigen that the tumor contains. According to scientist, immunotherapy gives patients “long term protection with reduced side effects against the cancer” (McGinley). The purpose of this treatment is to strengthen the immune system and specifically targets cancerous cells. Due to scientific research and the use of biotechnological methods, immunotherapy is able to prevent the threat of killing cells necessary to one’s body. Providing patients with a treatment that does not take a toll on their bodies, nor threaten to kill healthy cells is one relief the person

The normal cancer-fighting response from the immune system activates white blood cells, also called T cells, which target cancer cells in the area. The cancer-fighting cells also

The word cancer comes from the word Karkinos which is greek language. Physician hippocrates used this word to describe carcinoma tumors sometime between the periods 460-379 B.C. Although there were many accounts and evidence of cancer before, which were found in mummies in ancient Egypt during the period 1600 B.C. The oldest evidence of cancer was found in 1500 B.C in a tomb in egypt. Cancer treatment were non existence during those days. There were small palliative treatments which relieved pain and suffering temporarily. However we still use similar surgical treatment for surfaced tumors today that was used during that period. Early hippocrates also discovered that cancer returned after surgery. Cancer treatments has evolved tremendously

tumors are treated but if surgery is not a viable treatment radiation can also be used.

Cutting the blood flow off as early as possible provides the best method for controlling growth and eliminating the tumor. As one of the leading causes of death worldwide, NSCLC has very few methods to treat the illness (Koepany, Smyth, and

Because these cancer cells attack the bodies system it often leads to outer signs of the sickness taking control and creating nervous system dysfunctions.

Surgery is the oldest type of treatment for cancer. In its earlier use, surgery was not as successful as it is today. This was due to the difficulties involved with the anesthesias, excessive blood loss,

There are mainly four approaches for fixing acetabular fractures, depending on the nature and location of the fracture, namely the Kocher-Langenbeck, ilioinguinal, extended iliofemoral, and combined approaches. The first two are the two mainly used approaches. The KocherLangenbeck is a posterior technique, and therefore, mainly used for posterior wall, posterior column, and associated posterior column and posterior wall fractures. It is also selected for most pure transverse, or transverse with posterior wall fractures, and also for some T-shaped fractures[5]. The ilioinguinal approach allows an anterior access of the hip bone, and therefore, is employed in anterior wall, anterior column, and anterior with posterior hemitransverse fractures. It is also used in most cases of both-column fractures and in selected cases of pure transverse fractures. The extended iliofemoral approach gives access to a larger area of the hip bone, and hence, utilized in more complex acetabular fractures, namely transverse with posterior wall, T-shaped, both-column fractures if difficulties with reduction through the traditional approach are anticipated[5]. Finally, combined anterior and posterior approaches

Surgery is the enucleation of the tumor and surrounding tissue from the body. Surgical oncologist is a doctor who specializes in removing the tumor through surgery. Surgery is the oldest form of the cancer therapy and the most widespread and effective type of treatment for many cancers today. There are many ways to use surgery as treatment, but the most common ways are :

Radiation and chemotherapy may only partially penetrate a tumor; remaining malignant tissue will allow the cancer to reoccur within the patient. Incomplete tumor removal is a risk associated with surgical removal of cancerous tissue.3

The drugs that were used to cure either prostate cancer or leukemia were some options. In the early 1900s x-rays were discovered, and they thought that radiation could be used to kill tumor cells. However according to Siddhartha Mukherjee, the author of the pulitzer prize book “The Emperor of all Maladies” states, “But scientifically, cancer still remained a black box, a mysterious entity that was best cut away en bloc rather than treated by some deeper medical insight” (Mukherjee 23). Mukherjee was trying to say that cancer is still a mystery, also known as a “black box.” Doctors only used two strategies to cure cancer which are “excising the tumor surgically or incinerating it with radiation- a choice between the hot ray and the cold knife”

Cancer weakens your immune system also known as immune disorder which makes it worse on the patient and makes them considerably more susceptible to catching viruses and or bacterial infections.

Science has made invaluable advancements for humanity. And one of these advancements can be seen in the application of biomedical techniques like genetic screening. Man has acquired such knowledge and power that he is now able to manipulate and control the natural process of procreation.

Surgical oncology is the medical specialty that is concerned with the surgical treatment and removal of tumors. In fact, surgery is one of the oldest means of treating cancer. Ancient Egyptians in the 7th century meticulously described techniques for the removal of tumors of the breasts. Thanks to our advances in terms of the safety and efficacy of anesthesia, surgery, in general, has been rapidly evolving. The specialists responsible for carrying out these procedures are called surgical oncologists and are typically general surgeons who underwent additional training in the management of oncological patients. Thus, they do not commence their training until after approximately 5 – 7 years of training