Unimolecular Nucleophilic Reaction Lab Report

Infrared spectroscopy (IR) identified the final product to be 80.437% 1-Methylcyclohexene. The dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol was completed in order to further expand knowledge of lab techniques along with exploring the mechanism behind acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions.

A neutralisation reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs when equivalent amounts of acid and a base react to produce salt and water (H2O) (The FreeDictionary.com,2017). The H+(q) ions from an acid react with the OH‾ ions from an alkali. The equation for this reaction is: H+(aq)+OH‾(aq)=H2O(l). For example, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution react with each other and form water and sodium chloride solution. The acid consists of H+ ions and Cl‾ ions, and the alkali contains Na+ ions and OH‾ ions. The H+ ions and OH‾ ions create water, and the Na+ ions and Cl‾ ions create sodium chloride, NaCl (aq) (Bbc.co.uk,2017).

Once the final solid product was obtained in both reactions the melting point procedure was used to determine the level of remaining impurity of the final product, comparing the experimental and expected values found in literature. In conjunction with the melting point procedure, infrared spectroscopy was used to reveal the different functional groups of the products. In other words, the IR machine indicates whether our final product matches up with the desired one, matching carbonyl and alcohol absorption peaks (or the lack thereof) to their theoretical presence (either benzil or benzillic acid).

SN1 reactions are considered unimolecular nucleophilic substitution mechanisms and are a first-order process. Meaning that the reaction forms a carbocation intermediate and that the concentration of the nucleophile does not play a role in the rate-determining step, which is the slowest step in the reaction. All of the SN1 reaction mechanisms in this procedure can react two different ways. The expected mechanism for these reactions would be that the carbocation would react with the weak nucleophile nitrate, attaching the nitrogen to the positively charged carbon. However, while nitrate is the intended nucleophile in all of the reactions, it is a poor nucleophile. The ethanol used in this reaction is a polar protic ionizing solvent,

Within the field of Organic chemistry the Diels-Alder reaction is a method to create six membered rings by reacting a s-cis-diene with an alkene. The reaction occurs using the pi electrons present from the diene (4 pi electrons) and the alkene (2 pi electrons) to create a six membered ring in a concerted (one step) mechanism. This reaction is stereospecific, creating the endo product when the diene is part of a ring and the alkene has a cis configuration. When the diene is not part of a ring the product maintains the stereochemistry of the reactants. The particular reaction done in the lab reacted butadiene sulfone and maleic anhydride to create 4-cyclohexene-cis-1,2-dicarboxcylic acid. Since the reactant Butadiene sulfone is a gas at room temperature it was first reacted with heat to create 1,3-butadiene (a solid cis diene), which was then reacted with maleic anhydride to give the product. The resulting product was identified using IR as the reactants have no sp3-hybridized carbons and the product has four sp3 carbons. The product was also assessed for purity using melting point.

Types of Chemical Reactions The purpose of the lab experiment was to identify different types of chemical reaction and the products of the formulas. The different types of chemical reaction include decomposition, single replacement, synthesis, combustion, and double replacement. There were many hazards that were involved in these experiments.

spectroscopy. Semen analysis was performed according to the Sigma-Aldrich Company guidelines. Нestrong and positive correlation was

The last reaction that was performed was bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2). The rate is focused on the substrate and nucleophile. In an SN2 reaction, the nucleophile attacks from the backside which causes the leaving group to leave. Mostly a strong nucleophile and polar aprotic solvent drive an SN2 reaction. Figure 5 and 6 demonstrates the reaction scheme and the mechanism of an SN2 reaction of 1-Bromobutane.

Introduction Chemical reactions occur all around us, even in us. Millions of reactions occur in our bodies every day, let alone outside of out bodies (ChemHealthWeb.gov, 2015). Human bodies create energy by using glucose in a series of chemical reactions to release energy. This is called respiration and it occurs in all living cells. Some chemical reactions are visible such as oxidation.

This experiment set out to synthesize 2-methyl-4-heptanone from the supplied starting materials containing four carbons. During week one, 1-chloro-2-methylpropane was reacted with magnesium to form the Grignard reagent. The Grignard was then reacted with butanal to produce 2-methyl-4-heptanol. Using IR spectroscopy, the success or failure of the formation of the alcohol was observed, concluding week one. During week two, 2-methyl-4-heptanol was oxidized in order to form our desired product of 2-methyl-4-heptanone. Both a GC and IR spectroscopy were observed in order to determine the presence of a newly formed ketone. The results of our experiment from the IR taken during week one showed no formation of an alcohol. The GC and IR spectroscopy

Molar Mass of NaHCO3 = 84.098 g/mol Moles in 0.10g = 0.10/84.098 = 0.00119 mol Moles in 0.20g = 0.20/84.098 = 0.00238 mol Moles in 0.30g = 0.30/84.098 = 0.00357 mol Moles in 0.40g = 0.40/84.098 = 0.00476 mol Moles in 0.50g = 0.50/84.098 = 0.00595 mol Moles in 0.90g = 0.90/84.098 = 0.0107 mol Molar mass of CH3COOH = 60.052 g/mol Moles in 5g = 5/60.052 = 0.0833 mol Amount of grams in 5mL of CH3COOH = 5mL* 1g/1mL = 5g CH3COOH

The Alu elements are the most abundant in the human genome and are present in more than one million copies. They belong to the Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements family of repetitive elements (Hasler and Strub). The presence of the Alu elements had a great influence on the evolution of the human genome. The Alu elements can also lead to both duplications and deletions of DNA segments and provide new regulatory elements to neighboring genes (Hasler and Strub). From this lab, I am trying to find my allele genotype for the Alu gene, and to determine whether the Alu gene is heterozygous, homozygous, or neither.

Writing reports in organic chemistry lab may differ from the way it’s done in general chemistry. One goal of this course is to introduce you to the record keeping methods used in research labs. Such methods are designed to organize experimental data in a format similar to that required for publication in major scientific journals. Here are some important considerations that apply in research settings. 1. Your work is unique, meaning that you might be the only person performing certain experiments. 2. Research is an ongoing process. The projects assigned to you will likely continue after you leave. People assigned to those projects will need

Reactions of amines with ketone and aldehydes have been the subject of considerable study for over half a century. In 1960, Jencks recognized that imine formation involves two steps and second-order overall.1 Both reaction steps can be the rate-determining step and it depends on the solution pH. The reaction being studied in the experiment is shown in scheme 1.

Enzymes are known to be large protein molecules that act as a catalyst to accelerate the rate of a chemical reaction1. Specifically, enzyme-catalyzed reactions have been widely studied in the field of biochemistry for the determination of enzyme specificity and efficiency2. Determining the rate of reaction can reveal important physiological properties of the enzyme being studied. Additionally, rate expressions can provide further information that can help explain the complex nature of a specific biochemical reaction3.