The Session Initiation Protocol Sip

Conference calls make it possible to speak to multiple people simultaneously. This is extremely useful when the people required to be involved in the call are based all around the country.

In 2003, as an outcome of all the sentinel events reported to the Joint commission lead to the creation of the “The Universal protocol for preventing wrong site, wrong procedures, and wrong person surgery” (Mulloy & Hughes 2008). So, one of the ways that could have potentially prevented the situation from happening at the first place was implementing the universal protocol procedure. According to the protocol the conduction of proper pre as well as post-operating procedures are extremely mandatory. Therefore, by enforcing a standardized routine pre-operating procedure such as verifying the patient as well as the correct site for the procedure, by having the medical staff or preferably the physician marking the operating site with his or her initials before the surgery will be an effective preventive measure (Mulloy & Hughes 2008).

The most reliable secured process has an endless relation between hardware and software communicator. There are many VoIP services that are been coming into the existing market for the users to make cheaper calls which would be useful for everyone like Fruing, Truphone, Vopium. There are two types of security linked or associated with the IP. There are certain ip key Exchange, which has unique key generator for protocol exchange and budget management. It has the features reliable communication of communication between two unique devices which initiates an encryption useful algorithm, a key based authentication method, and extracted group theory information.

When it comes to VoIP phone systems, the "Vo" part refers to voice over, and the IP part stands for having your phone calls routed over the Internet. Many business owners have opted for these phone systems because they are cheaper than having numerous and separate phones in the office. You do not have to use the network or telephone service to make phone calls, which lowers the overall cost. At the same time, there are advantages of using IP technology for telecommunication.

The purpose of confidentiality and security when on the phone to callers is so that no one irrelevant to the business gets that information. For example maybe when on the phone to a candidate and asking for personal details about their current phone number for example, if someone who wasn’t working in the business was in the room you wouldn’t repeat the number back to them as the person who isn’t relevant could then have that information to use.

Included the call origination and termination services in lieu of traditional phone company services, including low-cost long distance, E911, and all of the advanced features available through any traditional telephone carrier, 3. Utilized an open-source call processing platform that operated on commodity hardware in place of proprietary telephone systems, which was 10 percent to 20 percent of the cost of a competing technology, and 4. Were sold, engineered, installed, and supported by an experienced team of data and voice networking professionals.

It is known that SIP has no security system, which means it has no authentication techniques which makes it more exposed to getting attacked. The need of having such a technique becomes more crucial nowadays. A practical method to sort out this issue is using an encryption scheme that helps SIP traffic to be encrypted. Another issue of SIP authentication is having no integrity level. This issue could be addressed by using an integrity mechanism such as TLS (transport layer security). TLS provides high level of secured traffic by using key-management, which is very secured [security analysis].

Armando, A., Basin, D., Boichut, Y., Chevalier, Y., Compagna, L., Cuéllar, J., ... & Vigneron, L. (2005, January). The AVISPA tool for the automated validation of internet security protocols and applications. In Computer Aided Verification (pp. 281-285). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Our proposed voice over internet protocol (VOIP) phone system is powered by Cisco. It is consist of several hardware and software devices. The most basic piece of hardware to be used is the Cisco PBX. This device cost $6000. It supports a surplus of over 1000 extensions. The company has got an approximate 120 users of the old IP telephony system. In this regard three Cisco catalyst switch (POE) 48 ports will be needed. Such a switch cost $893.93 each. Three EnGenius EGS7252FP switches will be interconnected with trunk ports along each other supporting 144 VOIPS extensions in the network. (amazon, 2015)

Telecommunication and technology quickly advance in the modern world. However, as new developments emerge, negatives associated with it come along. Of late, spammers and scam calls became a common nuisance among telephone users.

We can define VoIP simply as “the transport of voice traffic using the Internet Protocol”. Stating “using the Internet Protocol” associates the usage of the Internet in the mind of many people. But the matter of fact is that Internet Telephony is only a portion of VoIP, and VoIP has a broader definition. Before jumping into the security factors of a voice over IP network, let's examine the rationale behind it. The traditional telephone network, known as POTS (plain old telephone service) or the PSTN (public switched telephone network), served us well for many years. Unfortunately, it was costly, managed by only a few companies and inefficient. Each voice call over POTS uses a unique connection, allotted 64K of bandwidth. We're all familiar with a T1 connection, which has 24 channels and 1.5M of bandwidth (64K *24). In reality, a quality voice call on one of these channels requires a fraction of the 64K granted to it by POTS. Moreover, a silent moment, or lapses in speech still consume the 64K. VoIP deployments capitalize on the inefficiency of this design. The analog voice signal is digitized, compressed, chunked into packets and sent over a data network. Advanced compression algorithms reduce the bandwidth necessary for a quality voice call to a fraction of the 64K required by POTS. The silence and background

EAP was originally created as an extension to PPP to allow for the development of arbitrary network access authentication methods. With PPP authentication protocols such as Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP), Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (MS-CHAP), and MS-CHAP version 2 (MS-CHAP v2), a specific authentication mechanism is chosen during the link establishment phase. During the authentication phase, the negotiated authentication protocol allows the exchange of information about the credentials of the connecting client. The authentication protocol is a fixed series of messages sent in a specific order.

We will be connecting to the public switched telephone network via analog lines or PRI, by adding the necessary the appropriate PTSN analog or digital gateway. For International calls we will be utilizing SIP Trunks which needs no hardware component, but connect to a sip provider in any part of the world via the internet saving will be seen right

A review system controls in relation to the main system and its interconnectivity to all adjoining systems has been conducted by PCPSS administrators. PCPSS assesses the security controls both independently and combined throughout the entire county as a part of its periodic review. Vulnerability Scans are conducted quarterly on the PCPSS network and all vulnerabilities are reported to the operational teams for mitigation. The Executive Director of Infrastructure and Production Services leads other administrators in ensuring that all identified vulnerabilities are mitigated. Additionally, quarterly analyses of all routers both local and remote sites, to include the Survivable Remote Site Telephony (SRST) is reviewed. The SRST provides centralized redundancy and processing for all calls made through CISCO Routers. One of the

One of the largest obstacles VoIP needs to overcome is the issue of security. Just taking a look into the email of any person can show why this is the case. Spam is rampant in email and VoIP phones would be subject to the same spam problems. Scripts could be written to call numbers and speak or play the ad on the user’s cell phone. This could wreak havoc without proper laws and measures implemented to prevent this. There is also the issue of hackers gaining access to calls over the Internet. “VoIP devices such as IP phones, Call Manager, Gateways, and Proxy servers inherit the same vulnerabilities of the operating system or firmware they run on top of.” (Intrusion