The Second Middle Passage

At first trafficking humans only occurred in Europe: They would enslave each other and then sell them off. Some Enslaved Africans had already reached Europe, the Middle East and other parts of the world before the 15th century. Most of the slaves were taken from the western coastal states of Africa. The demand for slaves grew as time passed and the suppliers had to step up their activity. To obtain the slaves they would raid villages and small towns. One story from a former slave named, Olaudah Equiano, told his story about how they were captured. He said that his parents went to go work out in the fields while him and his sister sat in the house and played. While they were in the house they heard men outside, broke down the door, and took them away. From then on he and his sister were separated. When they were going to get on the ship at the coast he had seen a recipe that said there were 115 men and 115 women. When they reached the Americas there was a new recipe that said only 201 slaves survived. All of the captured Africans crossed the Sahara desert by walking through the hot sand in metal chains. They would walk to Europe and if they were

Meanwhile in the Americas, European empires were growing, and they realized that they needed a more efficient work force. They had tried using Native Americans, but they usually died from European diseases. Europeans couldn’t work because of the diseases that the tropical climate gave them. It seemed like Africans would be the perfect solution to their problems. They were used to the tropical climate and immune to its diseases, had experience in agriculture, and there was already a market for them. This introduced the slave trade to North America, and in 1619 the first New World slaves were brought to Jamestown, Virginia. Most of the earlier slaves to journey the trans-Atlantic Slave Trade were from Windward Coast and Senegambia (Present-day Mauritania), but later expanded all along the coast of Africa. The Atlantic Slave Trade was also given the name “Middle Passage”, since it was the middle leg in the Triangular trade.

Both colored and whites have experienced the Middle Passage in completely different ways. Document B, written by a slave ship captain, describe the hardships that he and his crew had to face. He has zero sympathy for any of the colored people on the ship, saying “There happened such a sickening and mortality among my poor men and Negroes.” Thomas Phillip was quite upset of how much money he way losing due to the death rate of the slaves. He also explains that after all of his hard work to care and feed them, he has to endure twice the misery and pain that the slaves do. I believe he experienced the Middle Passage with elevated narcissism and dislike of colored

The Middle Passage is an event in history that is forgotten and there recognition needs to be on those affected by this event. The Middle Passage was a slave trade that took place between 1450 and 1860. This was an occurrence that was not seen cruel at the time. Slaves were under awful condition and treated poorly. When they were sent on a ship, the conditions for them consisted of the slaves chained close together while standing. If they did not want to eat or did not eat when they were commanded to eat, they were violently abused. Many slaves lost their lives on these voyages and many became sick. The treatment of the slaves were unspeakable. Those in charge of the slaves during the voyages had no respect for the slaves’ needs and drained

The Middle Passage, the second, or middle, leg in the triangular trading routes linking America, Africa, and Europe, was the name for the voyage of the slaves across the Atlantic Ocean. America was the popular destination for people selling slaves because they were sold for up to thirty times the price of the slaves sold in Africa. The higher amount of money made by selling the slaves in America caused a number of crammed vessels full of African-American men, women, and children to head through the Ocean towards America. The conditions on the ships were horrible for the slaves. The slaves were chained to the decks by their necks and legs, and the enslaved people were so packed that they could not even turn around. Death of many of the slaves

The Middle Passage was a triangular route that was frequently used by many European nations who engaged in the Atlantic slave trade of millions of Africans. One such African slave was a man by the name of Olaudah Equiano, who 's autobiography spoke of the mortality rate on slave ships, what he and his fellow slaves thought of their European captors, and what their captors thought of them.

Middle Passage is a novel filled with different techniques such as allusions, foreshadowing, humor, character transitions, and many other techniques. Charles Johnson, the author of this amazing novel wanted the readers to acknowledge the past and present events. He connects the past and the present with many different examples. One example is when the police hit Santos for no reason. This comparison is made very clear and simple enough for the readers to understand that police brutality continues to this day. Charles Johnson uses such vibrant words to make the reader feel, smell, hear everything that was going on in the novel. It’s as if this book comes to life throughout his descriptions, and the techniques used that

From 1619 to 1640 the slaves that were sold in Jamestown earned their freedom by working for the European settlers. These slaves were able to have some of the freedoms and liberties that the new settlers had. These slaves were taken from their homeland and were brought over were smaller in number, but in 1650 as plantations began to develop, the demand for slaves grew. “Many of the slaves taken in the transatlantic trade were from the states on or near the west coast of Africa.” With the demand for slavery increasing the chiefs and traders began raiding small towns and villages taking people at will. Millions of Africans were torn from their families and deported to the America and sold as slaves. (Portcities Bristol)

The Black African slaves arrived in America by a trading passage that was often referred to as Triangle Trade. American merchants took fish and lumber to the West Indies and traded them for molasses. Molasses was a thick brown liquid made from sugar cane and used for the production of rum. From there the merchants took the molasses and traded it with the West Africans for slaves which were shipped back to the West Indies and America through the Middle Passage.

The introduction of international trade throughout the continent provided the Americas with goods once thought unattainable. Different trade routes began to stem from the original triangle route. All of these routes had one goal; to transport the goods in high demand in the most time and cost efficient way. The different branches were trading systems between the America’s, Europe, and Africa. Through these routes, captains traded goods and services such as slaves, sugar, tobacco, cotton, textiles, and many other manufactured goods. One history changing route was the Middle Passage. The course of this route was used to transport kidnapped Africans so they could be enslaved in the Americas. Within a three hundred year period, it is

The Middle Passage received its name because it is in the middle of the Triangular Trade. The legs of the triangular trade stretch from Europe to Africa, Africa to the Western Hemisphere, then back to Europe again. This was a great route for Europeans to get ships around the world quickly and efficiently. This is how the slave trade began (Meltzer 9). Most everyone in the world today has a descendant of slavery. Enslavement is a human being that is possessed by someone else, who does labor for free unwillingly. An owner could range from a king, queen, noble, tribe, government, clergy, or business owner. Slaves were considered similar to horses in a way because they could be bought, sold, hired out, exchanged, given as a gift, or inherited (1-9).

The transition of being brought from Africa to America was called the middle passage since there what then were slaves started to understand that their status was going to be low. Their treatment since the moment they were in the ship was deplorable; they were punish to

There are not very many detailed accounts from people who have experienced the Middle Passage firsthand. One of those is the autobiography The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano (1789) written by Olaudah Equiano. In this chilling book, he describes the awful conditions he was faced with while on a ship across the Atlantic as a slave from West Africa to the West Indies, known as the Middle Passage. The Middle Passage was a horrible way to transport slaves and there was no regard for human life on these ships. Millions of West Africans experienced these horrors for more than three hundred years (1500-1860) (Berlin 1). It has also been estimated by Curtin, a historian, that of those 20 to 30 million Africans only 9 to 12 million survived the voyage (Guillaume 1). This voyage

In the 1500s to 1900s, Africans were taken from Africa and brought across the Atlantic Ocean where they were traded and sold for labor in the New World, which included the Caribbean Islands, and North and South America. Around the 1600s, the Europeans captured and bought slaves, which began the Atlantic Slave trade and the forced migration of about 24 million people from Africa.

For far too long, the field of history has been dominated by old, white men publishing their complicated and biased versions of history. Thankfully, as the years have progressed, so has the discipline of history. Historians of today are striving to look outside of the book in terms of how they interpret events of the past. One example of this involves the culturally specific historical experience of the Akan people being sold into slavery, and forced through the deadly Middle Passage. Through this method of analyzing sources, historians are limited by the number of sources available, but are able to gain a better, richer understanding of those less represented throughout history.