The Impact of California's Proposition 13 Essay

The 13th Amendment, created out of the ashes of the American Civil War, declared that “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." It was an end to the harsh cruelty that was brought upon African Americans for generations; however, a loophole exists within a simple phrase: “except as a punishment for crime…”. Even though all Americans are considered free under the 13th Amendment on paper, in reality this cannot be further from the truth as people were still considered a slave to the state if they committed a crime. Over time though, this “hands-off” doctrine approach gradually started to shift throughout the 1960s and 70s because the Civil Rights Movement stretched far beyond just African Americans. For prisoners, it was a justifiable call to action for basic human rights.

Because all 13 states had to agree, the proposal was thrown out and was not

California is known for Hollywood and its wonderful climate, where people meet celebraties and they can wear shorts in the middle of winter, but California is also know to be one of the few states that allow its citizens to vote for laws. Numerous laws are passed by Californians every year, some those laws deal with whether California should raise taxes or where the state need to spend their money and other matters that deal with California political system. Over the years, numerous laws that have been passed by Californians which have been conterversial and one of those laws is Propotion 13 of 1978.

Every year thousands of undocumented students graduate from high school with uncertainty about a post-secondary education. Many of these students do not have the financial means, and are often too scared about their legal status to continue their education. This issue is extremely prevalent in the state of California, hosting 2.6 million “alien residents”, it has the largest population of undocumented immigrants (Gonzales, 2006). Immigration policies have been controversial topics in the United States for a long time. Although there is still an ongoing debate about reforming the current immigration laws, there has been progress in making post-secondary education a possibility for undocumented students. This paper will focus

Dating back to its admission into statehood, reform has been an undeniable element of California. It could even be argued that many important landmarks in our state history were defined by acts of reform, such as the implementation of direct democracy into its state constitution during the progressive era of the late 19th and early 20th century. In modern California, it could be argued that there has been no greater landmark than the passage of Proposition 140.

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is commonly regarded as a major victory against racism that further advanced democracy in America. Adopted on July 9, 1868, it attempted to transform the oppressive culture of the Confederacy by granting citizenship rights to all people born or naturalized in the United States and affording equal protection under the law to all U.S. citizens. Nonetheless, in spite of aiming to put an end to discrimination against African-Americans and other minority groups, this important amendment did not entirely succeed in eradicating racism during the Reconstruction era.

This could cut the local tax rate – in most school districts now around $1.50 per $100 of property value for maintenance and operations (M&O) – to roughly 50 cents! The maximum M&O tax rate – also now generally capped at $1.50 – must be reduced by the same percentage as total M&O taxes. If the income tax cut the property tax rate by 65%, then it would also cut the tax cap by 65%. After the cap was cut, only the voters in a school district could increase their district’s maximum tax rate. The Bullock Amendment then provides that the remaining one-third of income tax revenue could be spent, but only on education. State income tax payments are deductible from taxable income in calculating federal income taxes. Deductibility shifts part of the cost of public education to the federal government. The above chart shows that, although the tax would have raised $16.4 billion in 2004, the net cost to Texas taxpayers would have been only $3.9 billion. Lower property taxes would have returned most of the new revenue ($10.9 billion) to taxpayers. Uncle Sam would have picked up 10% of the total cost of the income tax ($1.6 billion) through higher deductions on federal tax

What historical problems/issues/concerns, as perceived by the policy initiators and/or sponsors of the legislation, including the governor led to the creation of the bill? In other words, what was the nature of the problems that the bill corrected? According to the initiators/sponsors how important is this piece of legislation to the citizens of the state.

8. What event led many people to demand an end to property restrictions on voting & officeholding?

Some highlights of SJR 11 include; a reformed judicial system, the modernizing of county governments, and eliminating the welfare ceiling. Even with the perk of property tax relief, voters shot down the proposal in November of that year. A success in the reform efforts of 1975 was the ratification of the amendment that increased legislative salary to

The key supporters of Proposition 35 are Structural Engineers Association of California, California Chamber of Commerce, California Taxpayers Association, and League of California Cities. The key opponents of Proposition 35 are Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association, Congress of California Seniors, Professional Engineers in California Government, and California State Employees Association.

Some Americans speak of birthright citizenship as if it were an immutable law of nature.

Liberals say that with prop 30 in affect that finally students will get the reward of more classes and less education cuts in California. This will allow more students to enroll in higher education classes and hopefully be able to decrease the cost of education, if not lower keep at a tuition freeze for a few years. With more students enrolled in classes it will generate more of educated society. According to Sash Abramsky “The university of California projects a 20% midyear tuition hike and $250 million cut that will immediately trigger if proposition 30 does not pass and there will be automatic cuts to education totaling $5.4 billion dollars to the state of California” (Abramsky). With that being said that could have affected millions of college students in school today. They would have had to cut classes as well as teachers who teach the classes. This also would have probably driven the cost of tuition even more than it already is. Sasha Abramsky says “proposals to eliminate taxes and said no, or they looked at proposals to increase taxes and said yes. Several anti-tax initiatives did pass—including a supermajority requirement in Washington. But no state ballot measure was as high-profile, or as significant to the national debate, as

January 1, 2014, this led to huge backlash against the law by private institutions and through

The element that was most surprising was that the children appear to take the brunt of the anger and frustration with illegal immigration when it was not their choice that they are in America, especially from the Librarian Teacher. Proposition 187 is very controversial and until it is sorted out, the children that are already here should be entitled to an education. I felt that the teacher (Diane) that eventually moved on to another position, thank goodness, was aggressive and unapproachable. Diane also mentioned that if you want to assimilate in this country that you should be willing to give up your language which was exactly what we discussed in our first week of class as the wrong ideology to have when working with English Language Learners.