The Effect Of Enzyme And Substrate On Chemical Reaction Rates Essay

In this lab or experiment, the aim was to determine the following factors of enzymes: (1) the effects of enzymes concentration the catalytic rate or the rate of the reaction, (2) the effects of pH on a particular enzyme, an enzyme known and referred throughout this experiment as ALP (alkaline phosphate enzyme) and lastly (3) the effects of various temperatures on the reaction or catalytic rate. Throughout the experiment 8 separate cuvettes and tubes are mixed with various solutions (labeled as tables 1,3 & 4 in the apparatus/materials sections of the lab) and tested for the effects of the factors mentioned above (concentration, pH and temperature). The tubes labeled 1-4 are tested for pH with pH paper and by spectrophotometer, cuvettes 1a-4a was tested for concentration and cuvettes labeled 1b-4b was tested for temperature in four different atmospheric conditions (4ºC, 23ºC, 32ºC and 60ºC) to see how the enzyme solution was affected by the various conditions. After carrying out the procedures the results showed that the experiment followed the theory for the most part, which is that all the factors work best at its optimum level. So, the optimum pH that the enzymes reacted at was a pH of 7 (neutral), the optimum temperature that the reactions occurs with the enzymes is a temperature of 4ºC or

Used to see if the temperature of the water is at 37oc – 40oc and if

Temperature affects the rate of which the enzyme reacts, enzymes react typically faster in hotter temperatures than colder. Ph levels that are extremely low or high can stop enzyme activity completely or slow them down.If there is more enzyme concentration the reaction is quicker because enzymes become constant. Also if substrate activity increases, so the reaction time speeds up until maximum is reached.

Living organisms must undergo chemical reactions of cellular metabolism to maintain life. This process is performed with the help of the active site found on the enzyme. The active site is sensible to changes that are made to the enzyme, so when a factor that affects the enzyme is present, the reaction rate will be affected. In this experiment the effects of enzyme concentrations, substrate concentrations, temperature concentrations and adding an inhibitor on the enzyme’s reaction rate will be tested. In activity one, if the enzyme concentration is fairly low, then adding more enzyme concentration will cause the substrates to attach onto the enzyme and be changed into the products. In activity two, if the substrate concentration is not restricted,

The experiments involved PH buffers of different pH were added to potato juice, water, and the enzyme catecholase. The mixture was then subjected to spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 420nm taking the absorbance readings. In the second experiment, a phosphate buffer of PH 7.0 was used in different measures together with different measurement of potato juice and the enzyme catecholase then subjected to the spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 420nm. The data collected inform of table and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as line graph and later interpreted, showing that PH and enzyme concentration do affect the rate of enzyme reaction

How does an enzyme affect reaction rates, and how does the acid affect the enzyme itself? In this most recent catalase lab, data both conclusive and inconclusive answered these questions. In the data collected, the major trend was when the hydrogen peroxide concentration (independent variable) increased, the reaction time (dependent variable) of the enzyme decreased. One of the data points did not follow this trend, and will be addressed later. Also, when the acid was added to the enzyme, the reaction still took place, rendering our data inconclusive. When a paper disk was taken out of the catalase for the first time, it was placed in 100% hydrogen peroxide, which reared quick results. The paper rose in 23.37 seconds, but for the majority of

The Effect of Different Substrate Concentrations on the Rate of Reaction My aim is to investigate what happens when concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide is changed and how it affects the rate of reaction when it is broken down by the enzyme catalase (H2O2 à 2H2O + O2) Scientific knowledge. Enzymes are biological catalysts, regulating the rate at which chemical reactions take place without the enzyme being altered in the process. Enzymes bind temporarily to one or more of the substrate molecules of the reaction they catalyse.

The reaction rate of enzymes decreases with salt due to ions present in the water. These ions are so strong that they block the interactions between amino acids and denature the protein or the ions in saline are present in such a minute quantity that enzyme attract each other and becomes inactive which inhibit the enzyme activity by changing the shape of an

In the catalase experiment, the enzyme will act as a catalase that speed up the chemical reaction, in this case the yeast; moreover, the substrate is the hydrogen peroxide. The product of the enzyme-substrate complex is H2O and O2. The rate of oxygen that is being produced is caused by either increasing the amount of product or decreasing the amount of reactants. Factors that affect the results are the temperature, which will change the environment of the enzyme to cause the enzyme to either denature or increase the reaction rate.

The rate of reaction is also affected by the concentration of the substrate or enzyme. The more enzyme molecules (the higher the concentration) to facilitate reactions, the faster the rate of reaction (Figure 5) (Evans, Ladiges, McKenzie, & Spenceley,

Enzymes are biological catalysts that carry thousands of chemical reactions that occur in living cells. They could be found in every living thing. Enzymes increase the rate at which chemical reactions occur. A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required. They are proteins made up of several amino acids. Each enzyme is different due to its structure, it all has different amino acid sequence. An enzymes ability to function depends on it’s environment. These factors include temperature, denaturation, pH, the size , the shape, and the amount of enzymes present. Enzymes performs best at ph7. That is the same pH as blood , the more enzymes stray away from pH7 the weaker it becomes , the active site gets damaged. This makes the enzyme not active, no longer functional. When it comes to temperature enzymes at a certain temperature have maximum activity. As temperature increases the enzyme activity also increases. When enzymes reach their maximum activity level and the temperature is still increasing it will start to decline (denaturation). The rate of reaction also depends on how much enzymes are present. We tested 5 hypothesis which were the amount of enzyme does not alter the rate of a reaction. pH does not influence the rate of an enzyme reaction. Temperature does not influence the rate of an enzyme activity. Boiling an enzyme before a reaction does not influence enzyme activity. The

The conditions of the environment the enzyme is in can have a huge effect on the enzymes performance and the rate of reaction. Some of these conditions include temperature, pH, substrate concentration and product concentration.

Enzymes are specialized macromolecular catalytic proteins that help our bodies energize specific chemical reactions. All chemical reactions happening inside of our bodies are catalyzed by specific enzymes. These enzymes are vital components of our well-being and help keep us running the way we do every day. Enzymes also carry out a variety of functions other than speeding up chemical reactions in the body. Enzymes serve to collect nutrients and energy from food, and they also help in the process of diagnosing diseases. They have a certain specific “lock & key” structure, where a specific substrate is allowed into the active site of the enzyme. Once the substrate is allowed into the active site, it forms what is called the Enzyme-Substrate Complex, and forms a chemical reaction (Campbell, 2014).

Chemical kinetics involving reaction rates and mechanisms is an essential part of our daily life in the modern world. It helps us understand whether particular reactions are favorable and how to save time or prolong time during each reaction. Experiment demonstrated the how concentration, temperature and presence of a catalyst can change the rate of a reaction. 5 runs of dilution and reaction were made to show the effect of concentration on chemical reactions. A certain run from the previous task was twice duplicated to for a “hot and cold” test for reaction rate. The prior run was again duplicated for a test with

Rate of Reaction Using Enzymes In this bit of coursework I will be investigating the rate of reaction in which enzymes are the catalyst breaking down a substrate. The substrate I am going to use is Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2, water with another Oxygen), this molecule usually breaks down on its own accord, but also the rate of decomposition can be increased with the use of a catalyst; in this case the catalyst is a biological one called an enzyme. Hydrogen Peroxide slowly breaks down on its own accord into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2): 2 H2O2 à 2H2O + O2 Hydrogen Peroxide à Water + Oxygen