The Disorder Of Down Syndrome

Since a long time, individuals suffering from Down syndrome have been casually mentioned in passing within books, movies and science, to name a few. However, it was in the late nineteenth century that the English physician, John Langdon Down, wrote a revealing description of a Down syndrome patient in 1866. This led to John often being referred to as the ‘father’ of Down syndrome, who was the first one to write about the illness as a separate and unique entity (Morgan, Moni, & Jobling, 2004).

I know a few people who all deal with different things in their lives. One thing that sticks out that I see a lot in real life and with movies is Down Syndrome. I know some people who deal with down syndrome on a daily base. I won't be naming anyone. With this paper I will go through the six theoretical models. I must say with writing this paper I will try to not say the person's name, but sometimes my typing gets ahead of me.

Down Syndrome (otherwise called Trisomy 21) is the most widely recognized hereditary issues that causes a long lasting scholarly disability, formative postponements and different issues. Down Syndrome influences individuals of any age, races, and financial levels. It is a standout amongst the most as often as possible happening chromosomal variations from the norm, happening once in each 800 to 1000 live births. More than 350, 000 individuals in the United States alone have Down Syndrome. My objective for this paper is to discuss the three unique sorts of Down Syndrome and to discuss the contrasts between them.

In 1866, a British physician, John Langdon Down, for whom the syndrome is named, first described Down Syndrome, as ?Mongolism.? Down was a superintendent of an asylum for children with mental retardation. He observed a set of children with common features who were distinct from children with mental retardation. The term Down Syndrome didn?t become the accepted term until the early 1970s. More was learned about the condition in 1959, when French Pediatrician/Geneticist Profess Jerome Lejeune discovered that individual with Down syndrome had an extra chromosome. Shortly thereafter, chromosome studies were developed to confirm the diagnosis of Down syndrome (Wright, 2011).

The earliest depiction of a person with Down syndrome was dated in 1515 in a Flemish painting. Doctor John Langdon Down described Down syndrome as a disorder in 1866, however he misunderstood on how the syndrome first came about. The cause to Down syndrome was discovered recently in 1959 as being the common cause of cognitive impairments. All individuals who contain down syndrome show symptoms of mild to moderate learning disability, distinctive facial features, and hypotonic in early infancy. Down syndrome often associates with heart defects, leukaemia and early Alzheimer’s disease, the degree of being affected by these characteristics can differ from mild to serve. Down syndrome can occur between 1 in 1500 and 1 400 babies born in

Researchers believe that containing extra copies of genes on chromosome 21 affects and defects the process of normal development, which makes the characteristic features and the increased risk of a variety of health problems having to do with this condition.

Down Syndrome was discovered in 1866 by a British physician named John Langdon Down, which is where the name Down Syndrome came from. This genetic disorder was first referred to as Mongolism. The name Down Syndrome did not start being used until the early 1970s. In 1959, a French Pediatrician/Geneticist Professor Jerome Lejeune had discovered that people with this disorder have one extra chromosome. In the 1960s when children with Down Syndrome were born, they were put into institutions right after birth. Families were told that they would not be able to raise their child because of all of the extra attention they would need. Throughout the years, we have learned a lot more about this genetic disorder. ("National Association for Down Syndrome | History of NADS", 2016)

Down syndrome is inherited because of a chromosomal error. It occurs when someone gains an extra 21 chromosome. Usually, an individual will inherit two copies of chromosome 21, one from each parent. The extra 21 chromosomes can be inherited in three different ways, which results in three different types of Down syndrome: trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), mosaicism, and translocation. Trisomy 21 or nondisjunction is the most common form of Down syndrome; responsible for 95 percent of all the cases of Down syndrome. In this type of Down syndrome, the embryo contains three 21 chromosomes which is the result of the sperm or egg cell failing to

Down syndrome is a congenital chromosomal disorder during maternal meiosis. This is one of the most common chromosomal disease that has been confirmed (Epstein, 2013). Down syndrome causes some symptoms in children’s physical and mental aspects, which have significant differences with other people. It may cause the life of the child is abnormal and cannot live independently in the future. With the increased population of children with Down syndrome in Australia, it becomes prominent that they strongly impact on their family and society in both positive and negative ways. This article will introduce some basic information about Down syndrome, discuss its early intervention and ethical issues of having a baby with Down syndrome, and result in coming up with views in regards to terminating or continuing with the pregnancy of a foetus diagnosed with Down syndrome.

Down Syndrome affects many people, even those who don’t have it. Down syndrome is also called Trisomy 21. The term Down syndrome did not become the accepted term until the early 1970’s (“History of NADS”). Down syndrome is the most common genetic condition, almost 400,000 Americans have Down syndrome (“What Is Down Syndrome?”). When the 21st chromosome has an extra copy, full or partial, down syndrome will occur. With the extra genetic material it messes with the development physically and mentally. It also creates certain features connected with Down Syndrome. Some of the well known features are low muscle tone, small stature, upward slant to the eyes, and a single deep crease across the center of the palm (“What Is Down Syndrome?”). These features and their extent can vary from person to person, some may not even have any at all. One in every 691 babies born in the United States has Down syndrome, about 6,000 babies are born with Down syndrome each year in the United States (“What Is Down Syndrome?”). Just like the physical features the medical problems associated with Down syndrome vary from person to person, some may need a lot while others may need little to none. The health problem can be treated with the many resources available to help the people with Down syndrome and their families.

Trisomy 21 is caused by an error in cell division which is called nondisjunction. Nondisjunction results when the embryo gets three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. This usually occurs at or prior to conception, a pair of 21st chromosomes in either the sperm or the eggs fails to separate. Since this occurs so early on, the extra chromosome is then replicated in every cell of the body. This type of Down syndrome accounts for 95% of cases (“What”). Translocation accounts for about 4% of cases. In this types the total number of chromosomes in the cells remain 46, but an additional full or partial copy of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome (usually 14). The presence of the extra full or partial chromosome 21 causes the characteristics of Down syndrome (“What”). Mosaicism or mosaic Down syndrome is a mixture of the two other types. It is characterized by a mixture of two types of cells, some containing the usual 46 chromosomes and some containing 47. The cells that do contain 47 chromosomes contain an extra chromosome 21. This type accounts for only 1% of all the cases of Down syndrome. Some research has shown that individuals with mosaic Down syndrome may have fewer characteristics of Down syndrome that those with other types

It is a common belief that certain things will never happen to us. We often convince ourselves that the odds will never reach us or the ones we love. This statement remains true for the likelihood of the effects of down syndrome. Although the syndrome is often misunderstood, it is very true that those affected by it lead a very active and healthy life. I, myself am guilty of the social ignorance of down syndrome, that is until my cousin Joby was diagnosed with down syndrome. Over the past two years I have watched my cousin blossom into an outstanding curious child with a passion like no other. Down syndrome is classified in several different forms such as the causes, diagnosis, and how it affects one’s life .

Down syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder. It is caused by an abnormality in the number of chromosomes. DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) chromosomes are originate in the cell and are comprised of genes, which decide hereditary traits (Epstein pg.199). If a person has an extra chromosome on chromosome number 21 out of 23 they will have Down syndrome. The extra chromosome may delay the growth of a child’s physical and mental development which may lead to mental retardation. Normally, a person has 46 chromosomes, and will receive 23 pairs of chromosomes from the mother and 23 from the father totaling 46. But someone with Down syndrome will have 47. Although many theories have been developed, it is not known what actually

“Noo Why my baby,” this mother has just been given the news that her child has been diagnosed with Down Syndrome. Her child was one of many who will have trouble reading out loud or to even communicate. Who will grow up with not knowing if today will be a good day or not. Down Syndrome is just one case of genetic disorder. There are so many all over in the world and many doctors still don’t even know what to call them. Some don’t even know they have a disease in them till its too late, or other know all there lives and some learn to live with the disease and others live every day in fear of getting even more sick and hurt.

The history of Down syndrome in earlier times people with mental health disabilities were treated as far as 7000 B.C. but the treatments were rather unconventionally and immoral. From 7000 B.C. society has a negative outlook on people with mental illness. Down syndrome is not identified until 1866 by John Langdon Down describing a set of observations which ethically classify idiots, these observations were later used to specific characteristics of Down syndrome. It first appears according to researchers as early as the 1500’s according to a 2011 study on the history of Down syndrome that was published in a journal of contemporary Anthropology. According to the 2011 article the evidence is less conclusive it was stated in the article that the oldest case of Down syndrome came from a 9 year old child from England sometime between A.D. 700 and 900. The skeleton was found in a