American Public Policy Chapter 1

The government of the United States of America is a federal constitutional republic. In layman 's terms, this means that the country 's national, central government and the smaller, unitary governments of the fifty states are co-equal in their power, and that the citizens of America have a say in public policies by electing representatives who voice their respective opinions. More importantly, both the central government and the state governments are subject to the supreme law of the Constitution. Under this document, the central government is set up into three branches (the legislative, executive, and judicial) that are meant to check each other and balance out power. Their cooperation insures that the national government 's control is appropriate, and does not infringe upon the rights of the average American citizen.

Federalism is the division of power between national and state government. Federalism was supported by Doc A, an excerpt of The Federalist Papers; A series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of the Constitution. The following quote is an excerpt from Federalist Paper #51, written in 1778 by James Madison. “In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and the portion allotted to each subdivided among districts and separate departments.” In the aforementioned quote, James Madison is referring to the national state governments. Due to federalism, power is split between local and federal governments, preventing all power being controlled by one group. As a result, the two governments each have their own powers, which prevents total rule from a national or state government. Additionally, the power in these branches are split into three more branches. This prevents any one branch of government from having total power, which guards against

American politics is often defined by a continuing power conflict between the executive and the legislative branches of the government. This struggle for political power between the two stronger branches of the three is inherent in the Constitution, itself. The concepts of separation of powers and checks and balances ensure that the branches of government will remain in conflict and provide a balance that keeps the entire government under control. As it was first established, the executive branch was much smaller and weaker than as we know it today. Consequently, the legislative branch was unquestionably dominant. Over the course of history, the executive branch grew in both size and power to the point where it occasionally overtook the

Today, education enables us to enlarge our knowledge and open doors for opportunities to the path of having a good future. In the five readings, each written by a different author, there was a lesson learned and something to take away from each one. Reading through the passages by Mann, Moore, Malcolm X, Gatto, Rose, and Anyon, each author contributed his or her point of view on general public education. This topic can be very argumentative depending on the quality of education people receive. Education today is the single most important mean for individuals to achieve their personal goals in the workforce.

"The accumulation of al powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary... Liberty requires that the three great departments of power should be separate and distinct " (James Madison- Document B). The Legislative hold Congress, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Judiciary holds the Supreme Court. Lastly, the Executive branch holds the Vice President and the President of The United States of America. By separating the three powers you keep one person, or group from gaining too much

3. Division of power allows the federal and the state governments to keep each other in check

Articles I, II, and III of the Unites States Constitution outline the importance of dividing government into 3 branches, this system was designed by our forefathers to serve the people. With any division of power obstacles are bound to arise, usually when attempting to enact important legislation. Since the US Constitution was written to the present day there has been conflicts between the supporters of a strong federal government and campaigners of states’ rights. This paper will address these three aspects associated with the first three articles of the United States Constitution.

Federalism is a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government. During the creation of the constitution the Framers questioned where powers should lie in these separate entities; The Framers however didn’t want to make the mistake of centralized power so they used the system that utilized checks and balances. They created a that system Charles de Montesquieu called the idea of dividing government power into three branches the "separation of powers." He believed it was most important to create separate branches of government with equal but different powers. In the framework, it became clear that they framers wanted preserve liberty with usage of dividing power among state and government.

The Separation of Powers is a Federal Government divided between 3 branches. The three branches in our government are the Legislative, the Executive, and the Judicial branch. All three branches play in a role on how our nation is run today and how each branch is divided and given equal power as talked about by James Madison. The Legislative branch is granted power that is given to Congress in the House and Senate and the Executive branch is given power in the Presidents and Presents team. Lastly, the Judicial branch is given power to the Supreme Court.[Doc B is a expert from the Federalist Papers #47 written by James Madison].The Articles were for states to follow and not disagree with each other. The Powers are sepinital in 3 individual branches and equally divided powers. As in Doc B,” The accumulation of all powers, Legislative, Executive, and Judicial The same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, self - apparently, pre- elective, may be justly pronounced the very determined of tyranny...”. The Author experts that the Separation of Powers which are Legislative, Executive, and the Judicial branch are granted equal powers. *The constitution guards against tyranny by dividing and granting the three branches fair

“the government may not jail, fine, or impose civil liability on people or organizations based on what they say or write, except in exceptional circumstances,” (Stone, Geoffrey). This shows that the government knows the population will try and obstruct, or hinder their progress. That if the citizens are allowed to change everything, that everything would constantly be delayed. In the United States, this is not the case. Over many years, the government has implemented ways that require a majority to get things changed. That way small groups of people can voice their opinions without bringing the government to a halt with changes. If anything, these changes help the government, and show officials were the problems are. They allow the government to see and understand people’s frustrations and work to fix them. In that way, the American government has remained strong, but yet flexible and susceptible to change at the same time.

Most of the mass public isn’t well informed when it comes to electing officials into office. This lack of information is what causes the government to do whatever they please without taking the mass public into consideration. Also most of the public has no clear ideology and don’t have the desire to understand the issues that are not directly related to them. Most

We live in this country for the land, and the for the free as Americans we rely on many attributes in this world in order for us to live our lives. Our government has supplied us with many great things for us to be proud of. Our government is “the institutions and processes though which public policies are made for society.” (Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry, p. 7). With all these institutions which includes the President, Congress, the courts and all the federal administrative agencies. These are the institutions that make up public policies for us, and to shape the way we live as Americans. The way this system has been operating through all the years has been

Chapter 5 Public problems are handled by having policies. Important points on making a policy includes the collective view that the issue calls for a change. The strategies involved so that a public policy reaches out to the society includes framing that highlights points of the issue to help the society understand better. The language techniques, to communicate with the public other strategies include rhetoric helps make sense of the world through words and metaphor is used to conceptualise a policy problem and causal stories a way to understand the cause of the problem.

Federalism defines many roles of power, relationships, and structure in government and how a federal system is an ever changing form of government. In the United States, the government has gone through many phases of federalism and each phase has brought both good and bad aspects of government policy with them. Dual Federalism defined that national and state governments pretend that they were functionally separate and working independently, but not against each other. Cooperative Federalism has an interstate dimension, as participatory programs were undertaken among several states and the federal government. Creative Federalism gave

Social problems are highly caused by the improper administration of laws, distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges in a society. Justice is at the heart of many legal, political, religious and philosophical arguments. Social factors affect all persons, irrespective of ethnic origin, gender, possessions, race and religion to be treated equally and without prejudice. Public policies are expected to solve problems efficiently and effectively, serve justice, support governmental institutions and policies and encourage active citizenship. However, public policies at both the local state and national level may contribute to social problems. Some of these rules impose restrictions on the freedom needed by individuals hence limiting the aspect of fairness and equality in the society. Moving towards the right direction and building a stable complete functional community in the world will be noted only if the negative aspects in the society are done away with as soon as possible. This paper is a discussion on several aspects in the society; inequality, gender, race and ethnicity, work and economy, marriage and family.