Social Inequality In Brazil

Social inequality is a problematic phenomenon that occurs all around the world and affects both the developed and developing nations. It is defined as “the unequal distribution of social, political and economic resources within a social collective” (van Krieken et al. 2013, p. 205). Inequality is closely connected with social stratification, a system of social hierarchy that positions individuals and groups into categories according to social variables such as class or ethnicity (van Krieken et al. 2013, p. 485). This stratification has a significant impact on the opportunity that an individual may have to move up the hierarchy of inequality (Gill 2017a).

Although different societies have varying perceptions of what is an acceptable level of equity, it is generally accepted that inequality has an impact on key social determinants such as health, wellbeing, political trust and violence. Wilkinson and Pickett (2009) highlight the social costs of inequality on a whole range of aspects of our lives. Wilkinson and Pickett (2009) argue that if inequality were reduced, there would be significant reductions in mental illness, murder rates, imprisonment and an improvement in social mobility (Wilkinson and Pickett, 2009).

Secondly, the issue of discrimination in income inequality stereotypes and characterizes individual performance and ability based on the average habits of the group to which they belong. People have varying mental, physical, and aesthetic talents that can aid or be a hindrance to their standard of living. Additionally, an individual’s wealth is based on how many factors of production (FOP) one owns thus, the greater the FOP owned, the greater the ability to amass riches. Unequal distribution of fortune also averts the inclusive growth pattern that Latin America is experiencing. Third, income inequality goes hand in hand with unequal access to useful services such as education, health and political power. Finally, inequality in Latin America

Inequality is not an unfamiliar concept, it has been prevalent for quite some time. Inequality is growing and more people are experiencing the “crisis of inequality”. Many scholars are saying that we are approaching two societies one “black” and one “white” (Walker, Spohn, & DeLone, 2016). There are many different types of inequality, although they all have a similar meanings. Structural inequality can be defined as when one group of people is given a disadvantage or unequal social status than other groups of people (Walker, Spohn, & DeLone, 2016). Structural inequality can be seen through many different relationships or social institutions. Race/ethnicity is one of the largest areas that is affected by social structural inequalities. Structural inequality and crime go hand-in-hand. This is because they both can have an effect on each other, one can potentially be a factor to the other. Race/ethnicity also plays a role in crime causation. All three of these ideas are intertwined and can effect one another. According to Walker, Spohn, & DeLone

“1]. How does social inequality impact people of different nationalities [ethnicities & races], classes, and genders in society.”

Inequality has and continues to be an issue in the world. Whether its gender, social, political, or inequality of class, the problem of vast inequality is a reoccurring issue, that I predict will be an issue that will never be fixed. Several authors over the years have attempted to describe the issue and come up with a solution, such as Emmanuel Sieyes and Herbert Spencer.

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In today’s world many people are faced with the trade off in the good and bad inequalities. I gathered that there will always be some sort of trade off being there is no perfect economy. Economics is a science that is theory based, that can claim to have uncovered few, if any, universal truths. The belief in gaining economic equality requires sacrificing economic efficiency and vice versa. Most economic ideas surround the belief that firms and individuals need the higher incomes or wages to invest, work hard, save and to innovate. And, those that do not have that, results in reduced effort and lower economic growth. For example some theorist believe that by raising taxes on profitable firms or wealthy individuals to reduce the economic gap

First, economic injustices are particularly prevalent in today 's world with more and more people being classified below the poverty line while the top 10 percent controls more wealth than the entire 90 percent. Notably, this negative scenario has tripled within the last 40 years especially in the United States where statistics indicate that America has a wide gap between the wealthy and poor with the trend showing no sign of abetting. Similarly, the same data has revealed that America has the highest levels of child poverty than any other developed country, and the rate currently

Through inequality, our feelings of inclusion can be tarnished, some of us even finding it difficult to feel that we belong in society. Inequality can occur through an imbalance within society, through factors such as prejudice, level of income and access to everyday necessities which many people

Statistics shows that almost half of the world that’s over three billion people live on less than $2.50 a day and at least 80% of humanity lives on less than $10 a day but more than 80 percent of the world's population lives in countries where income differentials are widening. Currently, the poorest 40% of world’s population hold 5% of the global income and the richest 20% holds three quarter of world’s income. Economic inequality which is the gap between poor and rich contains of disparities in the distribution of wealth and

According the CIA World Factbook, Brazil has a GINI Coefficient, a key measure of social inequality, of 49.7 and ranks as the 19th most unequal country in the world (CIA World Factbook). The social inequality in Brazil has been partially caused by extraction started by the Portuguese during the colonial period as a minority reaped the benefits, while the majority suffered the consequences. The Portuguese legacy on education has been negative as well as the wealthier members of the population continue to be the ones that experience a much higher quality education in comparison to the rest of the population, which also accounts for social inequality. The absence of the concept of universal public education has also been part of the historical legacy that has affected the country in a negative way, as even though it has recently been implemented, parents do not comprehend its value and do not send their children to school

Brazil is a country filed with many people and many environments. The very location of the nation provides a suitable climate for all kinds of ways to produce multiple resources. Although this may seem very beneficial, the past couple of years have proven the complete opposite. Brazil has constantly struggled with poverty levels and a hurt environment. In a recent study conducted by multiple researchers, a vast majority of the country’s regions were shown to be very vulnerable to the occurring climate changes. Factors such as rainfall, temperature, and human development were all observed. What I plan to do is go into a different view of this issue. How do areas with high levels of poverty affect the surrounding environment? This will offer

The inequality in the distribution of income and resources has remained in the history of Brazil and the privatization also couldn't fix this deep-rooted problem. The privatization helps to the economy to fight inflation and provide enormous benefit to the economy but it could do nothing in the distribution which it could have been different if the government and the new owners were interested in it. Privatization was able to change the ownership from state to the other investors wither from the country or from other countries but the efficiency generated from this process was not beneficial to the poorest people of Brazil. The resources remain in the hands of a certain group of people even after the privatization which shows that this process doesn't have an effect on the distribution side.

Society holds many structures that mould human performance and produce opportunities for some, but inequalities for others (Morrall, 2009). These structures in society are organized by the hierarchies of class, ethnicity and gender (Crossman, 2016). Due to having a society based on hierarchies, social inequalities are inevitable. Social inequality refers to the ways in which a group or individual of a certain social position may receive unequal opportunities or distribution of ‘goods’ such as education, income, living conditions and healthcare (Walker, 2009). These unequal opportunities may be given to someone because of their ethnicity, gender, income, religion or social class (Walker, 2009). For example, people in a high social class will be able to pay for their children to go to a good private school for a good education, whereas lower-class or working class people will struggle to afford the same education.