Respiratory Activity Essay

There were two intervals remained constant between at rest and after exercise, the PR interval and the RT interval (there was a clinically insignificant 0.01 second increase in the RT interval after exercise, however I suspect this was likely due to measurement error error rather than an actual increase).

(Click on the Save a Copy button on the panel above to save your report)

You may list, as students report out, the physiological changes to the respiratory, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and urinary systems expected during strenuous exercise and as noted in the case of the cyclist, Joe. Students will respond with answers suggesting increases in heart rate, respiration, sweating and muscle fatigue, as well as muscle soreness as normal. However, in

The range of normal resting systolic BP for the subjects in this experiment is 115-125 mmHg. Did systolic BP increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?

In addition a small rise in breathing rate and this is called anticipatory rise, this happens when exercising. The average reading for breaths per minute during exercise is 23-30. This shows that with more blood pumping through the body more oxygen is needed to keep the body at a sustainable rate to help our body create more energy. Our breathing rate will keep increasing until

Using the lab activity, observe and record the physiologic changes that occur during exercising using the following chart:

The controlled variable included the exercise bike and heart rate monitor. There are several limitations, systematic and random errors that should be considered when interpreting these results. (4) The controlled variables were not tested before this experiment to see if they were working and reliable. Figure 2 heart rate was quite inconsistent and did not follow the pattern of the other results, which maybe suggest a random error with the heat rate monitor. A systematic error could include the fitness of the participants. One of the test subjects is an endurance athlete and the other does not compete in any sport. This would affect the results because for the endurance-trained athlete, from their training they increase their cardiac output results from a substantial increase in maximal stroke volume. In untrained persons, cardiac output increases in response to exercise primarily by an increase in heart rate. The endurance-trained athlete does so mainly by an increase in stroke volume. Simply meaning that although both participants are doing the same cadence and length the endurance athletes skewers the results by already having an increased rate in stroke volume. Another systematic error may include the rate of perceived effort. For the most accurate results, the measured maximum heart rate would be necessary to give an accurate cadence to ride at.

During exercise there is an increase in cardiac output, which corresponds to an increase in maximal oxygen consumption. With the increase in oxygen consumption, a greater increase in blood flow occurs. This means there is more oxygen circulating in the blood for the tissues to take up. Due to the increase in blood flow, vasoconstriction of arterioles occurs to maintain mean arterial pressure (Bassett & Edward, 1997). This limits oxygen consumption because some of the blood flow is directed to the brain and skin. It is further pointed out that the heart is another limiting factor because it determines how much blood and oxygen are supplied to the muscles especially when blood flow exceeds maximal cardiac output (Bassett & Edward,

Before the experiment was started, a few predictions were made. Since males are usually bigger than females in size and weight, we guessed that male BMI numbers would be higher than female BMI numbers. Another prediction based off the objectives for the lab was that non-smokers would have higher lung capacities than smokers. Since non-smokers should have a higher vital capacity, they should have a higher ventilation rate.

Necessary increase in ventilation to maintain blood gas homeostasis during exercise was compromised in some individuals resulting in a high work of breathing. When these ventilatoy demands exceed the capacity for the lung and chest wall to generate flow and volume, expiratory flow limitation can develop which may result in diaphragm fatigue. Expiratory flow limitation (EFL), is an important physiological phenomenon since it is associated with dynamic hyperinflation, which increases the work of breathing and causes dyspnea and potential exercise

TABLE 1: This table represents the lung capacity of people who do exercise constantly, their lung capacity was measured with the balloon who after that was introduce into the bucket and water was represented en ml in the table below.

The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.

Cardio-respiratory endurance is the ability of the lungs and heart to use and transport oxygen over an extended period of physical activity. To effectively measure the cardio-respiratory endurance of the individuals in our class, a multi-stage fitness test (commonly know as the beep test) was performed. Cones are placed 20m away from each other on a flat, non-slip surface as participants are required to run from one end at the sound of a recorded ‘beep’ noise and must reach the other side before the next beep. The starting speed is quite slow but as the test progresses the beeps gradually get faster. Each beep marks a new round/level reached. Participants must keep up with the pace of the beeps for as long as possible. Once they cannot run any longer they drop out of the test and record the level in which they lasted till. The reason this method is a very effective way to

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

I predict that during exercise the heart and respiratory rate (RR) will increase depending on the intensity of exercise and the resting rates will be restored soon after exercise has stopped. I believe that the changes are caused by the increased need for oxygen and energy in muscles as they have to contract faster during exercise. When the exercise is finished the heart and ventilation rates will gradually decrease back to the resting rates as the muscles’ need for oxygen and energy will be smaller than during exercise.