Qnt/561 Applied Business Research & Statistics

3) Describe in your own words (do not directly quote any source) the difference between the distribution of a sample and the sampling distribution. Use an example in which the original population has a binomial distribution. You will probably use concepts from the book or another source, so be sure to cite any concepts that come from such sources (even if you paraphrase).

21. What is sampling error? Could the value of the sampling error be zero? If it were zero, what would this mean?

Sample is the 33,160 responses. The population seemed to be the entire population. The sample is a voluntary response sample because subscribers could choose to respond or not. It is not likely to be a representation of the greater population.

Sampling error: The amount of confidence involved in a sample result- the amount is dependent on the size of the sample. This is significant because it can often lead to misleading poll results.

The mean of the sample will be different from or unequal to the mean of the general population.

McKinney, Joseph R. "Random Drug Testing Can Prevent Student Drug Abuse." Addiction. Ed. Christina Fisanick. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "The Effectiveness and Legality of Random Student Drug Testing Programs Revisited." RandomStudentDrugTesting.org 13 Dec. 2005. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 23 Feb.

It is a common known fact that if the school announces that there is random drug testing many people will stop drug use due to the fear of being tested and fear of parents or other peers/teachers learning of their status as a drug user and abuser (NLCATP. 11 Essential Pros and Cons of Drug Testing in Schools, n.d.).

The union’s preliminary agreement were if five percent of the players tested positive, then random testing would occur in the 2004-2005 season, more than five percent of the players were

Random drug testing is a part of a drug prevention program used in high schools. The students are tested during school hours and tested for recent use of illicit drugs. Random drug testing requires anyone despite prevailing circumstances with drug history. It can also require students involved in extracurricular activities to be drug tested randomly if they are wanting to continue participating (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2017). Before students can sign up for extracurriculars they are required to have consent from their parents. The parents are informed of the drug testings that come with the extracurriculars. Extracurriculars could involve: sports, clubs, organizations, cheer, and band. Schools are also allowed to conduct a drug test due to suspicion. If someone is suspicious or has evidence that a student is using drugs they may be asked to take a urine test. Suspicion would include: the students showing any physical signs or behavioral patterns that relate back to drug use or school staff or officials feeling concerned (Nelson, Rose, and Lutz, 2011). The reason behind random drug testing is to put an end to drug misuse as well as terminating illegal drug use. Firstly, Schools hope

Drug testing in the workplace is a touchy issue for both employers and employees. Employers who drug test current and potential employees do so for several reasons. There are some industries and tasks which are very sensitive because of the material used, or the processes involved in the work, or because the work concerns matters of national security. There are numerous practical reasons for employers to test employees for illegal or illicit substances as well as legal substances that in excess cause harm to the person taking them and/or those around the person taking drugs. There exists a boundary between drug testing for safety and drug testing as a way to invade the privacy of employees for a number of reasons including excessive control, blackmail, or other forms of manipulation.

A second form of probability theory is shown through systematic sampling. Systematic sampling is used more frequently by researchers versus simple random sampling if the available criterion has already been established. Through systematic

I prefer to have in my sampling accuracy as my result could be more close to the true value.

To conclude, the mandatory random drug testing has many benefits. On top of benefitting the companies, the random drug testing will also be beneficial to the companies. For instance, the mandatory random drug testing could increase the productivity of the employees, increase the safety of the employees and help out those employees who are in need. Critics may worry about the negative implications of the increased cost of the companies and the violation of personal space; yet the increase in productivity could offset the cost of the drug test, and a careful process of drug testing could eliminate the problem of the violation of personal

1. A 95 percent confidence interval estimate will have a margin of error that is approximately + 95 percent of the size of the population mean.

Companies drug test employees to help their efficiency in the workplace. By these random drug tests, companies can keep track of their employee’s illegal activities and help the company. Job performance can be predicted based if the employee does use drugs, to an employee that doesn’t involve in illegal activities. Terrence R. Corwan did a study of the quality of work a drug abuser will do