Psych 625 Time to Practice – Week Three Essay

Hypothesis is typically used in quantitative research only. Moreover, when a question poses an inquiry on the relationship between two variables, a hypothesis is a statement declarative in nature of the relationship between different variables (Pajares 2007). A researcher chooses whether to use a question or a hypothesis depending on the purpose of the research, its objectives, the methodology for the research and the preference of the audience to receive the research. A researcher must be able to interpret the final outcome with reference to the research questions or the hypothesis used (Pajares 2007). A research requires a minimum of two hypotheses namely a null and an alternative hypothesis.

Data that is statistically significant helps us to understand whether there is a relationship within the null hypothesis. T statistical significant results showed that the participants who consumed caffeine performed worse than participants who did not was less than 5% (p < .05). This means for the author to determine whether a test is significant it must be less than .05, which is the significance level. The P value (probability value) is defined as the probability of obtaining a result equal to or "more extreme" than what was observed (Wikipedia). A p-value helps determine the significance

Select one (1) project from your working or educational environment that you would use the hypothesis test technique. Next, propose the hypothesis structure (e.g., the null hypothesis, data collection process, confidence interval, test statistics, reject or not reject the decision, etc.) for the business process of the selected project. Provide a rationale for your response.

The Null Hypothesis for this test was Ho: u1- u2 = 0. Dr. Williams Found that the t-value = 0.98603, the p-value = 0.328213, and that p < 0.05. This means his results were not significant at a 0.05 level. Therefore, we fail to reject the null. Dr. Williams can conclude there is no difference between the scores of his two Intro Psych. classes.

 Explain how the data collected will provide the data necessary to support or negate the hypothesis or proposition

“Hypothesis testing is a decision-making process for evaluating claims about a population” (Bluman, 2013, p. 398). This process is used to determine if you will accept or reject the hypothesis. The claim is that the bottles contain less than 16 ounces. The null hypothesis is the soda bottles contain 16 ounces. The alternative hypothesis is the bottles contain less than 16 ounces. The significance level will be 0.05. The test method to be used is a t-score. The test statistic is calculated to be -11.24666539 and the P-value is 1.0.  The P-value is the probability of observing a sample statistic as extreme as the test statistic, assuming the null hypothesis is true. The T Crit value is 1.69912702. The calculations show there is enough evidence to support the claim that the soda bottles do

We conduct an independent sample t-test using Excel, and obtain the following output (see sheet T-TEST)

My hypotheses for this study is Immigration does not have a strong correlation to violent crime rates. The null hypotheses for this study are: Immigrants have caused a strong impact on violent crime rates. When testing the null many factors will be tested. Telling my hypothesis and the null hypothesis, I will be testing many different factors. I will be testing the violent crime rates of Hispanics and their violent crime rates in the U.S. I will be looking for the areas with higher rates of Hispanics in order to test my hypothesis and null hypothesis.

Earlier, I gave an example of a null hypothesis as “there is no quality difference between Bertolli and California Olive Ranch olive oil”. Either, it would be true or false; beside it is hard to know that there is no difference because size of the sample, presence of systematic and random error, for those reason the inferential statistic is used. This is how it works.

9. Suppose that you were asked to test H0: μ = 10 versus Ha: μ > 10 at the [pic] = 0.05 significance level and with a sample of size n = 10. Furthermore, suppose that you observed values of the sample mean and sample standard deviation and concluded that H0 be rejected. Is it true that you might fail to reject H0 if you were to observe the same values of the sample mean and standard deviation from a sample with n > 10? Why

The researcher through the data collected will test following hypothesis in order to accept or reject them.

We try to conclude from the evidence what a sample group may think. For inferential statistics, we use it to make decisions on the probability of the observed difference between the groups and if it is dependable or just happened by chance based on the group. “…we use inferential statistics to make inferences from our data to more general conditions; we use descriptive statistics simple to describe what’s going on in our data (socialresearchmethods.net).” An example of inferential statistics is, a gym teacher wants to know the average amount of three point shots the students in this particular school can make in 30 seconds, he chooses only the students on the basketball team to sample it, the results he get would not be a representative sample simply because that does not represent a random sample of the entire school, but the results he gets and writes from this test would be considered an inferential statistic.

The researcher wishes to test hypotheses about the population means for the two variables under consideration using the sample data.

A hypothesis is a point of research for evaluating the sources of data in either a controlled or uncontrolled experiment using variables. An hypothesis is the prediction that requires the process of being proved of being false or true (Bowles, 2013). A hypothesis must be clear and simple to understand that states the purpose of a test. It must contain logical and be testable. The hypothesis defines what data variable are considered for testing. The development of a hypothesis begins with identifying the object with an abstract concept of the research and relationship to a statement being evaluated (Bowles, 2013). There are four stages to testing a hypothesis in statics. The four stages are state the hypothesis, set criteria for a decision, collect the data, and evaluated the data. A hypothesis statement contains two parts a null hypothesis and and alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis is represented as Ho or Hn that is believed to be true or a basis for an argument (Tayor, 2016). It always has a equal sign (Tanner & Youssef-Morgan, 2013). The alternative hypothesis is represented as Hi or Ha that is established as an opposite of the Ho. Ha can only be reached by the rejection of the Ho. Ha is the desired outcome. A example of a stated hypothesis is as followed: Ho: p = p, and Ha: p =/= p (Zhong & Zhong, 2013). The criteria for accepting and rejecting the hypothesis depends on a specific calculated value set by the research. The criteria value has to

Hypothesis testing is very essential in statistical analysis. It is quite imperative to state both a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis when conducting a hypothesis test because the hypotheses are mutually exclusive and if one statement is true then the other is proven as false. According to Mirabella (2011, p. 4-1) states that, “When we have a theory about a parameter (the average is…,the proportion is….,etc), we can test that theory via a hypothesis test.”